Intravenous ketamine is used for treatment-resistant depression, with structured guidelines supporting its use, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects and variable efficacy.
Anxiety and stress-related disorders affect over 280 million individuals worldwide and remain inadequately treated by current pharmacotherapies, which are often limited in efficacy and tolerability. Ketamine produces rapid therapeutic effects in mood and anxiety disorders, but its clinical use is constrained by dissociative side effects and abuse liability. Ketamine metabolites, particularly (2...
Frontiers in PsychiatryJuly 9, 2026Patrice A. Bellanti, Jordan Lewis, Brian Seifferth et al.
Introduction Intravenous (IV) ketamine and intranasal esketamine are NMDA receptor antagonists used for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Both have demonstrated efficacy in controlled trials, but observational evidence from real-world community settings is limited. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of adults aged 18 to 65 receiving induction therapy for TRD...
Background Substance use disorders (SUDs) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remain a major global health challenge, marked by high relapse rates and limited long-term effectiveness of existing treatments. Ketamine, a glutamatergic modulator with rapid neuroplastic effects, has emerged as a novel intervention for TRD and is increasingly investigated as an adjunctive treatment for...
A man in his 30s developed progressive multisystem organ dysfunction following 15 years of heavy recreational ketamine use. Complications included ketamine cystitis, cholangiopathy, obstructive uropathy, cardiomyopathy and mood disorder. This case illustrates chronic ketamine misuse as a cumulative multisystem toxicity.
The serotonin 1B receptor can be studied in vivo with PET using [^11C]AZ10419369, and has been linked to both the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Ketamine and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) both exert rapid and potent antidepressive effects, and although these treatments may not act directly on the serotonin system, they both cause dose-dependent increases in...
Research SquareJuly 7, 2026Rabya Mughal, Elaine Ryan-McNeill, Barbara Mezes et al.
preprint
Abstract Background Despite legitimate, evidence-based use in clinical settings, an increase in ketamine misuse has in recent years resulted in substantial adverse effects on young populations across the UK. Urological symptoms and psychological effects are among the most common side effects, often irreversible and taking place within months of regular ketamine use. The Northwest UK includes...
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Introduction: While the rapid and robust effects of ketamine on depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have been demonstrated, the influence of ketamine treatment on cognitive function has not yet been fully elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ketamine treatment on cognitive function as part of a study that investigated the efficacy of repeated ketamine...