This project presents a unified, multimodal framework for understanding near-death experiences (NDEs) as structured transformations of the human world-model under extreme physiological stress. Drawing on neuroscience, cognitive psychology, phenomenology, and developmental research, the paper interprets core NDE features—such as tunnel vision, out-of-body experiences, altered time perception,...
For the last few decades, Dr. Robert “Bob” Stickgold has led the way in reshaping our understanding of sleep through his influential studies and theoretical frameworks. His work has established sleep as an active component of memory consolidation, in which reactivation and dreaming foster the selective stabilization, abstraction, and integration of waking experiences, optimizing our cognitive...
The brainstem is crucial for maintaining wakefulness, sleep regulation, and consciousness. It orchestrates alertness through the ascending reticular activating system, integrating sensory information and projecting to the cortex. Consciousness emerges from intricate interactions involving the brainstem, though the brainstem alone does not generate consciousness. Clinical syndromes resulting...
Dreams have arguably been a source of creative insight for millennia. The specific assertion that dreams during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep promote creative problem-solving, however, has only anecdotal support, lacking strong empirical support from rigorous studies. Experimental manipulations of dream content have been confounded by waking components, such that any boost in creative...
In this study, the Consciousness States Comparison Scale: REM Version (CSCS-REM) was developed as a self-report instrument to assess dream consciousness during REM sleep in comparison with waking consciousness. Existing instruments capture only limited aspects of phenomenology and provide few opportunities for systematic cross-state evaluation. By anchoring waking consciousness as a reference...
This chapter challenges the binary view of consciousness, proposing a nonbinary framework that sees consciousness as a continuum. Drawing from cognitive neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy, it explores states like dreaming, meditation, blindsight, and near-death experiences to illustrate the limitations of binary thinking. The discussion extends to artificial intelligence, questioning its...
Reports of near-death experiences (NDEs), end-of-life visions (ELVs), and culturally embedded afterlife narratives frequently describe profoundly positive or distressing states. Traditional interpretations treat these phenomena as evidence of external metaphysical realms. The Dying-Moment Dream Hypothesis proposes an alternative, neurobiologically grounded explanation: that culturally...
The paper examines the character AM from Harlan Ellison’s I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream through the lens of Jean-Paul Sartre’s existentialist theory. It addresses how AM, an artificial intelligence, becomes self-aware yet remains constrained by its programming, resulting in psychological torment and existential anguish. The existence of AM reflects the paradox of consciousness without...
Newcomb's Paradox is a fascinating puzzle that has baffled philosophers and decision theorists for over half a century. It presents a scenario in which logic seems to split into two opposing paths, each with compelling arguments in its favor. This essay will not only explain the problem simply but also reveal an original solution inspired by Eastern philosophy and the experience of lucid...
The article discusses that some people throughout their lives feel that they are “waking up” and are conscious during sleep and even make conscious decisions during them. Such “lucid dreams” are not only a vivid and memorable experience for the dreamer, but are also of great interest to neuroscientists and psychologists. This is because they represent a strange mixture between the waking...