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September 11, 2012 Madoka Takahara
目的 夢見と人格特性との関連については,数多くの研 究がなされてきたが,一致した見解には至っていない。夢 の中で夢を見ているという事実を本人が自覚しているとき, 特に明晰夢と呼ばれる。近年,明晰夢は訓練によって見ら れるようになるといわれており,注目を集めている。実験 I の調査では,大学生における明晰夢の頻度と自己効力感 といった人格特性について,質問紙による調査をおこなっ た。さらに,Neider ら(2010)の行った研究をベースに,アイ オワ・ギャンブリング課題を用いて,夢の明晰度の高さと課 題処理能力の関連を検討した(実験II)。アイオワ・ギャン ブリング課題はBecharaら(1994)によって考案された,前頭 前皮質の機能を調べるための神経心理検査法である。 方法 (実験I)調査対象は,大学生233名であった。質 問紙には自己効力感尺度 (GSE尺度),対処方略尺度...
Consciousness and Cognition September 1, 2012 Delphine Oudiette, Marie-José Dealberto, Ginevra Uguccioni et al.
To test whether mental activities collected from non-REM sleep are influenced by REM sleep, we suppressed REM sleep using clomipramine 50mg (an antidepressant) or placebo in the evening, in a double blind cross-over design, in 11 healthy young men. Subjects were awakened every hour and asked about their mental activity. The marked (81%, range 39-98%) REM-sleep suppression induced by...
Clinical Psychology Review June 30, 2012 M. Casement, L. Swanson
This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of imagery rehearsal as a treatment for nightmares, general sleep disturbance, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Bibliographic databases and cited references were searched to identify clinical trials of imagery rehearsal in individuals with post-trauma nightmares. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria and reported sleep and post-traumatic stress...
June 1, 2012 S. Krippner, R. Richards, F. Abraham
Dynamics of creative mental activity are examined in waking and dreaming processes which manifest beyond normative waking consciousness. Some consider such phenomena to be pathological or meaningless. Alternatively they may be viewed in new and healthier ways, in the context of adaptive mental controls, using nonlinear dynamical/chaos theory. The first example involves the innovativeness...
Journal of Sleep Research June 1, 2012 Sarah L Chellappa, Mirjam Münch, Vera Knoblauch et al.
Ageing is associated with marked changes in sleep timing, structure and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. Older people exhibit less slow-wave and spindle activity during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, together with attenuated levels of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep as compared to young individuals. However, the extent to which these age-related changes in sleep impact on dream...
Behaviour Research and Therapy May 30, 2012 Johanna Thünker, Reinhard Pietrowsky
Nightmares are a common and serious problem in psychotherapeutic practice, although they are seldom considered as independent mental disorders. There are some promising approaches to the treatment of nightmares, notably Imagery Rehearsal Therapy, a cognitive-restructuring treatment. The core of this approach is the modification of the nightmare script and repeated imagination of the new script....
Journal of Sleep Research May 29, 2012 Ursula Voss, Clemens Frenzel, Judith Koppehele-Gossel et al. 76 citations
The current study focused on the distribution of lucid dreams in school children and young adults. The survey was conducted on a large sample of students aged 6-19 years. Questions distinguished between past and current experience with lucid dreams. Results suggest that lucid dreaming is quite pronounced in young children, its incidence rate drops at about age 16 years. Increased lucidity was...
Progress in Neurobiology May 15, 2012 J A Hobson, K J Friston
This paper presents a theoretical review of rapid eye movement sleep with a special focus on pontine-geniculate-occipital waves and what they might tell us about the functional anatomy of sleep and consciousness. In particular, we review established ideas about the nature and purpose of sleep in terms of protoconsciousness and free energy minimization. By combining these theoretical...
Brain and Cognition April 1, 2012 Péter Simor, Péter Pajkossy, Klára Horváth et al.
Nightmare disorder is a prevalent parasomnia characterized by vivid and highly unpleasant dream experiences during night time sleep. The neural background of disturbed dreaming was proposed to be associated with impaired prefrontal and fronto-limbic functioning during REM sleep. We hypothesized that the impaired prefrontal and fronto-limbic functioning in subjects with frequent nightmares would...
Frontiers in Psychiatry January 31, 2012 Armando D'Agostino, Ivan Limosani, Silvio Scarone
Abnormalities in the sleep/wake cycle and within sleep itself have extensively been studied in a broad range of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite increasing evidence for a mechanistic overlap between the disruptions of circadian timing control and neuropathology, the relationship remains unclear (Wulff et al., 2010). One possible way to address this problem from a psychiatric...