Pharmacopsychiatry
September 1, 2005
Euphrosyne Gouzoulis‐mayfrank, Karsten Heekeren, Anna Neukirch et al.
Patients with schizophrenia exhibit disturbances of orienting of attention. However, findings have been inconsistent. Hallucinogen challenges have been used as models for psychosis. The NMDA antagonist state resembles undifferentiated psychoses, whereas the 5-HT2A agonist state is considered as a model for psychoses with prominent positive symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate...
Pharmacopsychiatry
September 1, 2005
Michael Schönenberg, Ursula Reichwald
1 citation
The NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine produces transient dissociative and psychotic states in healthy humans that resemble symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, symptoms induced by severe stress or ketamine might both be related to altered glutamatergic neurotransmission. Since ketamine is used as an analgesic and sedative in emergency care, it might be one factor exacerbating...
Behavioural Pharmacology
September 1, 2005
Aaron B Ilan, Alan Gevins, Michael J. Coleman et al.
165 citations
This study investigated the contribution of different cannabinoids to the subjective, behavioral and neurophysiological effects of smoked marijuana. Healthy marijuana users (12 men, 11 women) participated in four sessions. They were randomly assigned to a low or a high delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol group (THC; 1.8% versus 3.6%). In the four sessions under blinded conditions subjects smoked...
Journal of Psychopharmacology
September 1, 2005
Alex Gamma, Daniel Brandeis, Ruven Brandeis et al.
36 citations
Substance abuse and associated externalizing disorders are characterized by behavioural disinhibition and low impulse control, with reduced neural inhibition postulated to be the common underlying brain mechanism. The P3 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) is a widely used neurophysiological measure thought to reflect inhibitory brain processes, but as yet has not been assessed in...
Life Sciences
August 19, 2005
K Yaragudri Vinod, Basalingappa L Hungund
Several natural lipids have emerged as candidate modulators of central nervous system (CNS) functions. Fatty acid amides and their coupled signaling pathways are known to regulate several physiological and behavioral processes. Recent studies from our laboratory and others also have implicated endogenous marijuana-like brain constituents, endocannabinoids (ECs), and cannabinoid-1 (CB1)...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
August 1, 2005
David M Penetar, Elena M Kouri, Michelle M Gross et al.
Despite the fact that tobacco and marihuana are often used together, relatively little is known about the effects of this combination. In order to investigate the effects of the principal psychoactive component in tobacco smoke, nicotine, on marihuana-induced intoxication, we conducted a double blind, cross-over experiment using nicotine transdermal patches. Ten male and 10 female participants...
Addictive Behaviors
August 2005
Janis Leigh, Sarah Bowen, G Alan Marlatt
A growing body of research suggests that mindfulness-based therapies may be effective in treating a variety of disorders including stress, chronic pain, depression and anxiety. However, there are few valid and reliable measures of mindfulness. Furthermore, mindfulness is often thought to be related to spirituality, given its roots in Buddhist tradition, but empirical studies on this...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
August 2005
Jerrold C Winter, A K Kieres, M D Zimmerman et al.
Drug-induced stimulus control has proven to be a powerful tool for the assessment of a wide range of psychoactive drugs. Although a variety of species has been employed, the majority of studies have been in the rat. However, with the development of techniques which permit the genetic modification of mice, the latter species has taken on new importance. Lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], the...
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
August 1, 2005
Richard P. Brown, Patricia L. Gerbarg
470 citations
Yogic breathing is a unique method for balancing the autonomic nervous system and influencing psychologic and stress-related disorders. Part I of this series presented a neurophysiologic theory of the effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY). Part II will review clinical studies, our own clinical observations, and guidelines for the safe and effective use of yoga breath techniques in a wide range...
Current Biology
July 26, 2005
John-Dylan Haynes, Geraint Rees
Can the rapid stream of conscious experience be predicted from brain activity alone? Recently, spatial patterns of activity in visual cortex have been successfully used to predict feature-specific stimulus representations for both visible and invisible stimuli. However, because these studies examined only the prediction of static and unchanging perceptual states during extended periods of...