Basic self-disorders may play a role in the development of depression in schizophrenia: a seven-year follow-up study.
Elisabeth Haug, Merete Glenne Øie, Ingrid Hartveit Svendsen, Paul Møller, Barnaby Nelson, Ingrid S. Melle
Frontiers in Psychiatry January 8, 2025 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1521366 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Longitudinal observational study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 31 |
| Population | Patients with schizophrenia during their first treatment |
| Duration | 7-year follow-up |
| Measures | Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) |
| Topics | Depression |
| Keywords | Schizophrenia Psychosis Self-disorders Follow-up, |
| Key findings | Baseline self-disorders, measured with the EASE, were clearly associated with the total number of depressive episodes over a seven-year follow-up in 31 patients with schizophrenia. The authors suggest self-disorders may contribute to the development of depression in schizophrenia, with possible implications for treatment. |
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is the most common co-morbid psychiatric disorder in patients with schizophrenia and has a negative effect on functional outcomes and quality of life. There are several possible pathways leading to depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. Self-disorders are disturbances in the deepest, pre-reflective level of the self and are suggested to be core features of schizophrenia. The relationship between self-disorders, and depressive symptoms has only been studied to a limited extent, and there are no longitudinal studies. This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-disorders at baseline and the development of depression over the follow-up period.
Methods: Self-disorders were examined with the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) instrument in 31 patients with schizophrenia during their first treatment. Seven years later we measured the total number of depressive episodes since the start of treatment.
Results: We found a clear association between self-disorders at baseline and the total number of depressive episodes over the follow-up period.
Discussion: Self-disorders may play a role in the development of depression in schizophrenia. This may have implications for therapeutic approaches targeting a condition that is characterized by considerable suffering and an elevated risk of suicide.
Comparable studies
Other observational and cohort studies on depression, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metacognitive awareness and prevention of relapse in depression: Empirical evidence. Residually depressed patients and nondepressed controls; recovered depressed patients | 2002 | Observational cohort with intervention components | |
| Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms. Patients with treatment-resistant depression | 2017 | Observational cohort | n = 19 |
| Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression: a preliminary report Patients with a depressive disorder | 2015 | Observational study | |
| Concomitant BDNF and sleep slow wave changes indicate ketamine-induced plasticity in major depressive disorder Patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder | 2012 | Observational cohort | n = 30 |
| Altered peripheral immune profiles in treatment-resistant depression: response to ketamine and prediction of treatment outcome Healthy controls and actively depressed patients with treatment-resistant depression... | 2017 | Observational cohort | n = 59 |
Citations in the library
Cites 7
- Stability in basic self-disturbances and diagnosis in a first treated psychosis: A seven year follow-up study. Schizophrenia Research December 2018
- Developmental vulnerability to psychosis: Selective aggregation of basic self-disturbance in early onset schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research November 2018
- Varieties of Self Disorder: A Bio-Pheno-Social Model of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin June 1, 2018
- The Association between Anomalous Self-experiences, Self-esteem and Depressive Symptoms in First Episode Schizophrenia. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience November 7, 2016
- Self-disorders and the schizophrenia spectrum: a study of 100 first hospital admissions. Schizophrenia Bulletin January 29, 2014
and 2 more in the library