Clairvoyant perception of target material in three states of consciousness.
S Krippner, J Hickman, N Auerhahn, R Harris
Perceptual and Motor Skills October 1, 1972 DOI: 10.2466/pms.1972.35.2.439 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Experimental study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 4 |
| Population | Four individuals with histories of reported spontaneous ESP occurrence |
| Intervention | self-induced altered conscious state |
| Duration | 8 sessions per participant |
| Keywords | Humans Acoustic stimulation Photic stimulation Self concept Consciousness Judgment Parapsychology Wakefulness Surveys and questionnaires |
| Key findings | Across eight sessions per participant, attempts to identify sealed art prints yielded more hits than misses: 58 hits versus 38 misses by outside evaluators' median ranks (CR = 2.04, p = .041) and 61 hits versus 35 misses by participants' own judgments (CR = 2.65, p = .008). The authors present these above-chance results as evidence of clairvoyance. |
Abstract
Four Ss with histories of reported spontaneous ESP occurrence participated in 8 sessions per S. Each session consisted of 3 trials in which the contents (art prints) of sealed envelopes were assessed by clairvoyant means. One trial took place while S was in his ordinary waking state, one while S was in a self-induced altered conscious state, and one while S was in an altered state induced by sensory-bombardment techniques. Written transcripts of each S‘s statements were given to 3 outside evaluators who ranked each transcript against the 4 possible art prints in the target pool randomly selected for that session. Using median ranks of 1 and 2 as “hits” and ranks of 3 and 4 as “misses,” the 4 Ss were awarded a total of 58 “hits” and 38 “misses” ( CR = 2.04, p = .041, two-tailed). S-judgings produced a total of 61 “hits” and 35 “misses” ( CR = 2.65, p = .008, two-tailed).