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Consciousness and the “causal paradox”

Max Velmans

Behavioral and Brain Sciences September 1, 1996 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00082078 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed
Citations 36
Key points Argues that the apparent paradox of consciousness appearing necessary from a first-person view but absent from a third-person view of brain activity can be addressed by distinguishing consciousness of processing from consciousness accompanying or causing processing, and contends that first- and third-person accounts are complementary and mutually irreducible.

Abstract

Abstract Viewed from a first-person perspective, consciousness appears to be necessary for complex, novel human activity. Viewed from a third-person perspective, however, consciousness appears to play no role in the activity of brains – producing a“causal paradox.” To resolve this paradox one needs to distinguish consciousness of processing from consciousness accompanying processing or causing processing. Accounts of consciousness/brain causal interactions switch between first- and third-person perspectives. However, epistemically, the differences between first-and third-person access are fundamental. First- and third-person accounts are complementary and mutually irreducible.