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Trauma-Related Altered States of Consciousness (TRASC) and Functional Impairment I: Prospective Study in Acutely Traumatized Persons

Paul Frewen, Kathleen Hegadoren, Nikolas Coupland, B. Rowe, Richard W.J. Neufeld, Ruth A. Lanius

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation September 17, 2015 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2015.1022925 (opens in new tab)

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Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Prospective study Peer reviewed
Sample size 180
Population Persons presenting at hospital emergency departments in the acute aftermath of traumatic events
Duration 6-week and 12-week follow-up
Topics Altered states of consciousness Philosophy of mind
Key points Both TRASC and NWC-distress symptoms at 6 weeks independently predicted functional impairment at 12 weeks.

Abstract

A theoretical framework referred to as a 4-D model has been described for classifying posttraumatic stress symptoms into those potentially occurring within normal waking consciousness (NWC) versus those thought to intrinsically exemplify dissociative experiences, specifically, trauma-related altered states of consciousness (TRASC). As a further test of this theoretical distinction, this prospective study evaluated whether TRASC and NWC forms of distress incrementally and prospectively predicted functional impairment at 6 and 12 weeks following presentation at hospital emergency departments in the acute aftermath of traumatic events in 180 persons. Establishing the clinical significance of both TRASC and NWC-distress symptoms, we found that 6-week markers of TRASC and NWC-distress independently predicted 12-week self-reported levels of social and occupational impairment. We also observed broad support for various predictions of the 4-D model except that, in contrast with hypotheses, childhood trauma history was generally more strongly correlated with symptoms of NWC-distress than with TRASC. Future research directions are discussed.

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Altered states of consciousness Philosophy of mind PTSD