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Update of the Altered States Database (ASDB): 2024-12-31

PsyArXiv March 14, 2025 preprint DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/wkpjc_v1 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Systematic literature review
Sample size 25,131
Population Participants in studies of altered states of consciousness
Key findings The ASDB now includes data from 28 pharmacological and 18 nonpharmacological consciousness-modifying techniques, encompassing 225 journal articles and 978 datasets from 25,131 participants.

Abstract

The Open Data initiative Altered States Database (ASDB) collects psychometric questionnaire data on the subjective experiences of pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically induced altered states of consciousness. The ASDB is updated annually and can be utilized by both researchers and non-scientists to access information or conduct further analyses. The current update adds data published in the year 2024, sourced from a systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 470 items were screened, resulting in 28 included journal articles, of which twelve report on the 11-Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (11-ASC), eleven on the 5D-ASC, ten on the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30), three on the Hallucinogen Rating Scale (HRS), and one on the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI). In total, the ASDB now encompasses data from 28 pharmacological and 18 nonpharmacological consciousness modifying techniques (CMT) (plus control substances/techniques), incorporating 225 journal articles and 978 single datasets from 25.131 participants across datasets. The ASDB can be accessed on https://asdb.info and on Open Science Framework (OSF; https://osf.io/8mbru).