PSYCHOTOMIMETICS, CLINICAL AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS: HARMINE, WIN-2299 AND NALLINE
American Journal of Psychiatry April 1, 1957 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.113.10.887 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Experimental study Qualitative Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | Schizophrenic patients |
| Interventions | Harmine Win-2299 Nalline |
| Topics | LSD Mescaline |
| Keywords | Harmine Psychotomimetic Hallucinogen Pharmacology |
| Citations | 89 |
| Key findings | Harmine, Win-2299, and Nalline produce mental effects in schizophrenics similar to mescaline and LSD, but with drowsiness and sleep, suggesting the differences may be quantitative rather than qualitative, and the indole nucleus is not necessary for psychotomimetic activity. |
Abstract
Harmine, Win-2299, and Nalline in single dosage produce many new mental effects in schizophrenics grossly similar to those elicited by mescaline and LSD. Many of the same effects are reported in normals after harmine and Nalline (other workers). unlike mescaline and LSD at usual dosage levels, the present psychotomimetics regularly produce drowsiness and sleep along with the aberrant mental effects. The resultant state is partly that of "hypnagogic" visual hallucinations or imagery. The results with increased dosage suggest that the basic effect of these agents is to produce an acute toxic reaction type. The difference between them and mescaline or LSD with respect to clouding of consciousness and certain aspects of the hallucinogenic response may be quantitative rather than qualitative. The indole nucleus is not necessary in the structure of psychotomimetics since Win-2299 and Nalline are non-indoles. The tertiary nitrogen grouping may contribute to certain aspects of psychotomimetic action.
Comparable studies
Other experimental studies on mescaline, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enzymatic Formation of Psychotomimetic Metabolites from Normally Occurring Compounds Rabbit lung | 1961 | Experimental study | |
| Phencyclidine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, and Mescaline: Cerebral Artery Spasms and Hallucinogenic Activity Isolated basilar and middle cerebral arteries | 1981 | Experimental study | |
| Acquired and Crossed Tolerance to Mescaline, LSD-25, and BOL-148 | 1959 | Experimental study | |
| Effects of Hallucinogenic and Tranquilizing Drugs on Serotonin Evoked Uterine Contractions. Uterus of spayed rat | 1956 | Experimental study | |
| Extraordinary Experiences during Cross-Modal Perception Human participants | 1976 | Experimental study | n = 9 |
Citations in the library
Cited by 17
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: Tryptamine and β-carboline constituents of Ayahuasca Journal of Ethnopharmacology April 1, 1984
- Hallucinogens and dissociative agents naturally growing in the United States. Pharmacology & Therapeutics May 1, 2004
- Ayahuasca, dimethyltryptamine, and psychosis: a systematic review of human studies Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology February 23, 2017
- Acute Biphasic Effects of Ayahuasca PLoS One September 30, 2015
- Effects of the Naturalβ-Carboline Alkaloid Harmine, a Main Constituent of Ayahuasca, in Memory and in the Hippocampus: A Systematic Literature Review of Preclinical Studies Journal of Psychoactive Drugs December 5, 2016
and 12 more in the library
Cites 4
- Schizophrenia: A New Approach. II. Result of a Year's Research Journal of Mental Science 1954
- EFFECTS OF MESCALINE AND LYSERGIC ACID (d-LSD-25) American Journal of Psychiatry February 1, 1952
- A Pharmacologic Analysis of the Functions of the Spontaneous Electrical Activity of the Cerebral Cortex The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease September 1, 1954
- Hypnagogic Imagery and Mescaline Journal of Mental Science 1956