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Immunochemical monitoring of psilocybin and psilocin to identify hallucinogenic mushrooms

Izumi Morita, Hiroyuki Oyama, Yuki Kiguchi, Akari Oguri, Natsumi Fujimoto, Atsuko Takeuchi, Rie Tanaka, Jun Ogata, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri, Norihiro Kobayashi

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis July 21, 2020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113485 (opens in new tab)

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Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Laboratory study Peer reviewed
Topics Psilocybin
Keywords Hallucinogen Monoclonal antibody Metabolite Immunoassay Stereochemistry Biochemistry
Citations 17
Key points Monoclonal antibodies against psilocybin and psilocin were generated and used to develop ELISAs capable of detecting these compounds in hallucinogenic mushrooms with high specificity and sensitivity.

Abstract

Development of rapid and reliable immunochemical methods for monitoring psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; Pyb) and psilocin (dephosphorylated metabolite; Psi), the psychoactive compounds contained within hallucinogenic mushrooms (magic mushrooms), is desirable in order to identify these mushrooms and regulate their illicit use. Because no antibody was publicly available for this purpose, we generated two independent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Pyb or Psi, and then developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) by using them. To generate the specific antibodies, novel immunogenic conjugates were prepared by linking Pyb or Psi molecules to carrier proteins by modifying their 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl side chains. Spleen cells from mice immunized with these conjugates were fused with P3/NS1/1-Ag4-1 myeloma cells, and hybridoma clones secreting anti-Pyb and anti-Psi mAbs were established. These mAbs were characterized for their biochemical features and then applied to competitive ELISAs, which used microplates coated with Pyb or Psi linked with albumin. These ELISAs enabled the determination of Pyb or Psi with measurable ranges of ca. 0.20-20 or 0.040-2.0 μg/assay (limit of detection was 0.14 or 0.029 μg/assay), respectively. The related tryptamines were satisfactorily discriminated as exemplified by the cross-reactivity of the ELISA to determine Pyb (or Psi) with Psi (or Pyb) that were found to be 2.8 % (or <0.5 %), respectively. The Pyb and Psi contents in a dried powder of the hallucinogenic mushroom, Psilocybe cubensis, were determined to be 0.39 and 0.32 (w/w)%, respectively. The ELISAs developed using the current mAbs are promising tools for identifying illegal hallucinogenic mushrooms.

Comparable studies

Other experimental studies on psilocybin, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Psilocybin induces schizophrenia-like psychosis in humans via a serotonin-2 agonist action Healthy human volunteers 1998 Experimental study
Validation of the revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire in experimental sessions with psilocybin Participants in controlled laboratory experiments receiving a moderate to high oral... 2015 Validation study using pooled data from five laboratory experiments n = 184
Broadband Cortical Desynchronization Underlies the Human Psychedelic State Healthy human participants 2013 Experimental study
Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for psychiatric and existential distress in patients with life-threatening cancer Participants with cancer-related psychiatric distress who completed a parent randomized... 2020 Long-term within-subjects follow-up analysis n = 15
Enzymatic Synthesis of Psilocybin 2017 Laboratory study

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