PID-atom distributions for all subjects under different drugs and placebo effects using MMI definition.

Alberto Liardi (22305679); Fernando E. Rosas (9595503); Robin L. Carhart-Harris (5923571); George Blackburne (22305682); Daniel Bor (297008); Pedro A. M. Mediano (5786234)

doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013629.g004

PID-atom distributions for all subjects under different drugs and placebo effects using MMI definition.

Alberto Liardi (22305679), Fernando E. Rosas (9595503), Robin L. Carhart-Harris (5923571), George Blackburne (22305682), Daniel Bor (297008), Pedro A. M. Mediano (5786234)

OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) November 5, 2025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013629.g004 (opens in new tab)

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Characteristics	Peer reviewed
Keywords	Pid controller Placebo Pharmacology
Key points	The figure presents PID atom values for LSD, ketamine, and psilocybin, with significance indicated at p<0.001.

Abstract

From left to right, results refer to LSD, ketamine, and psilocybin drugs. Panel rows represent (a) the raw values of PID atoms, (b) the NMI-normalised PID atoms, and (c) the NuMIT-normalised PID atoms. The dashed black lines are drawn at zero. (P-values calculated with a one-sample t-test against the zero-mean null hypothesis. *: ppp<0.001).

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Abstract

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