25C-NBOMe: preliminary data on pharmacology, psychoactive effects, and toxicity of a new potent and dangerous hallucinogenic drug
Francesco Saverio Bersani, Ornella Corazza, Gabriella Albano, Giuseppe Valeriani, Rita Santacroce, Flaminia Bolzan Mariotti Posocco, Eduardo Cinosi, Pierluigi Simonato, Giovanni Martinotti, Giuseppe Bersani, Fabrizio Schifano
BioMed Research International 2014 DOI: 10.1155/2014/734749 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Systematic review Qualitative Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Keywords | Synthetic drugs Emerging drugs Novel psychoactive substances Research chemicals 25c-nbome Hallucinogen Legal LSD Drug poisoning Acute toxicity Overdose risk Drug-related deaths Fatalities Acute toxicities Public safety Health crisis Medical warning Drug dangers Significant harm Inform health professionals Dangerous Drug addiction Illicit drug use Recreational drug use Drug problem Online drug market Easily accessible drug |
| Citations | 98 |
| Key findings | 25C-NBOMe consumption presents a high risk of overdoses, with acute toxicity and fatalities reported, and its use is increased by online availability at low costs. |
Abstract
Introduction. The use of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) has rapidly increased as well as their online availability. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the nature and the risks associated with 25C-NBOMe, which has recently appeared in the drug market. Methods. A systematic analysis of the scientific literature and a qualitative assessment of online and media resources (e.g., e-newsgroups, chat-rooms, and e-newsletters) in 10 languages were carried out. Results. 25C-NBOMe is sold online as legal LSD or as research chemical with different designations such as "Boom," "Pandora," "Holland film," or "N-bomb." It is a partial agonist of 5-HT2A receptors. It is usually ingested orally/sublingually and, less commonly, nasally, through injection, vaginally, rectally, and smoked. Its effects include sublingual numbing, stimulation, "body high," hallucinations, dissociation, and anxiety. 25C-NBOMe presents high risk of overdoses; acute toxicity and fatalities have been reported. Conclusions. 25C-NBOMe consumption represents an emerging phenomenon with potential harmful effects. Its use is increased by its online availability at low costs. Health and other professionals should be informed about this new trend of substance use