Pharmañopo-psychonautics: human intranasal, sublingual, intrarectal, pulmonary and oral pharmacology of bufotenine.
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 2001 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2001.10400574 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | Human self-experimenters (psychonauts) |
| Interventions | bufotenine harmaline harmine |
| Keywords | Traditional shamanism Ancient mixtures Traditional practices Bufotenine Psychoactive compounds Visionary experiences Profound effects Mao-inhibitors Drug interactions Potency enhancement Intranasal potency Pharmacology Bioassays Human self-experiments Effectiveness |
| Citations | 60 |
| Key findings | Bufotenine has psychoptic activity, and the Holmstedt-Lindgren hypothesis of intranasal potentiation by MAO-inhibiting beta-carbolines was confirmed in 25 psychonautic bioassays. |
Abstract
Summarized are psychonautic bioassays (human self-experiments) of pharmañopo--crystalline bufotenine (5-HO-DMT; 5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; dimethylserotonine), at times combined with harmaline or harmine-via intranasal, sublingual, intrarectal, pulmonary (inhaled vapor) and oral routes. This is done by way of pharmacological modeling of diverse South American shamanic inebriants, principally the snuffs ñopolyopo and cebílhaáj, prepared from seeds of Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina and A. colubrina var. Cebil, respectively. Psychoptic (visionary) activity of bufotenine has been established and the 1967 Holmstedt-Lindgren hypothesis of the paricá effect-intranasal potentiation of tryptamines by concomitant administration of monoamine-oxidase-inhibiting (MAOI) beta-carbolines from stems of Banisteriopsis caapi admixed with the snuffs-has been confirmed by 25 psychonautic bioassays. Salient phytochemical and psychonautic literature is reviewed, and isolation of bufotenine from Anadenanthera seeds detailed (with one table and eight references).