Pharmahuasca: Human Pharmacology of Oral DMT Plus Harmine
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs April 1, 1999 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.1999.10471741 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 8 |
| Population | Human self-experimenters |
| Topics | Ayahuasca DMT |
| Keywords | Harmine Tryptamines Hallucinogen Pharmacology Bioassay Harmaline Ingestion Monoamine oxidase Toxicology Traditional medicine |
| Citations | 136 |
| Key findings | The Holmstedt-Lindgren hypothesis—that oral DMT is psychoactive due to MAO inhibition from co-ingested beta-carbolines—was confirmed by eight self-experimenters across roughly 70 bioassays. |
Abstract
A summary is presented of human self-experiments or psychonautic bioassays of pharmahuasca--capsules containing crystalline N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) plus harmine, as well as combinations of other psychoactive tryptamines with other beta-carbolines. The 1967 Holmstedt-Lindgren hypothesis of the ayahuasca effect--oral psychoactivity of DMT consequent to monoamine-oxidase (MAO) inhibition from simultaneous ingestion of beta-carbolines--has been confirmed by eight self-experimenters. Results of a total of some 70 bioassays are summarized and the literature on this subject is reviewed (with 66 references and one table).
Comparable studies
Other narrative reviews on DMT, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine | 2016 | Review | |
| N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an Endogenous Hallucinogen: Past, Present, and Future Research to Determine Its Role and Function Humans and animals (general) | 2018 | Review | |
| Psychedelic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: metabolism, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and pharmacological actions. Humans (pharmacokinetics) | 2010 | Review | |
| The psychedelic model of schizophrenia: the case of N,N- dimethyltryptamine | 1976 | Review | |
| Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) | 2018 | Review |
Citations in the library
Cited by 108
- Global Street Food: la cocina de la calle Diseño interior 2009
- Human Pharmacology of Ayahuasca: Subjective and Cardiovascular Effects, Monoamine Metabolite Excretion, and Pharmacokinetics Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics June 18, 2003
- Antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects of ayahuasca, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): a systematic review of clinical trials published in the last 25 years Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology March 18, 2016
- Subjective effects and tolerability of the South American psychoactive beverage Ayahuasca in healthy volunteers Psychopharmacology February 22, 2001
- The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review. Archives of Toxicology August 1, 2015
and 103 more in the library
Cites 5
- Dose-Response Study of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine in Humans Archives of General Psychiatry February 1, 1994
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: Tryptamine and β-carboline constituents of Ayahuasca Journal of Ethnopharmacology April 1, 1984
- Chronic administration of serotonergic antidepressants attenuates the subjective effects of LSD in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology June 1996
- Salvia divinorum and salvinorin A: new pharmacologic findings. Journal of Ethnopharmacology June 1, 1994
- Dose-response study of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in humans. I. Neuroendocrine, autonomic, and cardiovascular effects. Archives of General Psychiatry February 1, 1994