This chapter inaugurates the book’s investigation of the Hard Problems of consciousness by asking how subjectivity can be situated within an objective world. It begins by reframing the traditional Hard Problem through the broader lens of the Placement Problem, drawing on recent works in naturalism to clarify how subjective phenomena resist straightforward integration into a scientific ontology....
This chapter examines the debate over neural correlates of consciousness, focussing on whether the prefrontal cortex forms part of the neural basis of perceptual awareness. It begins by clarifying the concept of neural correlates of consciousness and surveying methodological challenges, including the distinction between correlates, causes, and enabling conditions. The discussion then turns to...
AbstractIn this letter we focus on the cognitive science of consciousness. The general message is that, while this interdisciplinary area has made much progress in recent years, there is a tendency of downplaying conceptual issues, and therefore underestimating the difficulties of various problems. We briefly focus on a few prominent examples only, due to the space limit, but the general...
Abstract Background Ketamine has emerged as a fast-acting and powerful antidepressant, but no head to head trial has been performed, Here, ketamine is compared with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the most effective therapy for depression. Methods Hospitalized patients with unipolar depression were randomized (1:1) to thrice-weekly racemic ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) infusions or ECT in a parallel,...