The Pain Relief for OsteoArthritis through Combined Treatment (PROACT) was a proof-of-principle mechanistic randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of Breathing and Attention Training (BAT), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on pain modulatory balance, pain-related brain function, and clinical pain in middle-aged to older adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA)....
Steven D Pratscher, PhD, Lloyd Lalande, PhD, Mark A Lumley, PhD, Irene M Estores, MD, Adam W Hanley, PhD, Kimberly T Sibille, PhD, Roger B Fillingim, PhD;
BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is a major source of human suffering, and chronic low back pain (cLBP) is among the most prevalent, costly, and disabling of pain conditions. Due to the significant personal and societal burden and the complex and recurring nature of cLBP, self-management approaches that can be practiced at home are highly relevant to develop and test. The respiratory system is one of...