Mindfulness-based interventions for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review of the literature.
Schizophrenia Research February 1, 2024 Michel Sabé, Raoul Kohler, Natacha Perez et al.
A systematic review of 22 randomized controlled trials involving 1,500 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) examined the structure of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). All programs varied in session components, duration, and instructor experience. MBSR-like programs focused on stress reactivity, while MBCT-like programs addressed primary psychosis symptoms and relapse prevention. Common mechanisms included attention training, emotion and stress regulation, decentering, self-compassion, and cognitive restructuring. The heterogeneity limits interpretation, but most recent trials had lower bias risk and more homogenous programs. Findings suggested potential benefits such as reduced negative symptoms, increased well-being, and decreased hospitalization rates. Authors recommend aligning on more congruent MBI programs for SSD and call for further research on optimal teaching approaches, mechanisms, and doses.