Theories of consciousness abound. However, it is difficult to arbitrate reliably among competing theories because they target different levels of neural and cognitive processing or anatomical loci, and only some were developed with computational models in mind. In particular, theories of consciousness need to fully address the three levels of understanding of the brain proposed by David Marr:...
In several papers published in Biological Cybernetics in the 1980s and 1990s, Kawato and colleagues proposed computational models explaining how internal models are acquired in the cerebellum. These models were later supported by neurophysiological experiments using monkeys and neuroimaging experiments involving humans. These early studies influenced neuroscience from basic, sensory-motor...
Previous studies have shown that spontaneous fluctuations in prestimulus fMRI activity can predict trial-by-trial fluctuations in the perception of identical stimuli (Boly et al., 2007; Hesselmann et al., 2008, 2010; Sadaghiani et al., 2009; Rahnev et al., 2012; Pajani et al., 2015), yet such activity on its own does not seem to lead to conscious perception, even when awareness is carefully...