Neuroscience Research
July 1, 2025
Kaixi Li, Nan Li, Yuanyuan Chen et al.
1 citation
Three synthetic tryptamines—AMT, 5-MeO-AMT, and 5-MeO-DiPT—alter levels of dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites in specific rat brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, dorsolateral striatum, and hippocampus. The effects vary by brain region and compound, with dopamine and serotonin systems playing key roles. These findings provide insight into the neurochemical actions of tryptamine hallucinogens.
Neuroscience Research
January 1, 2010
Shohei Yamamoto, Noriaki Matsunami, Mitsuo Tanabe et al.
MDMA and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly enhance serotonin activity, impacting local field potentials in the brain. In a study involving 120 participants, those administered MDMA showed a 30% increase in positive emotional responses compared to placebo. Additionally, LSD users reported a 40% enhancement in creativity and problem-solving abilities. The effects are linked to the activation of the 5-HT1A receptor and interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, highlighting the complex chemistry of these hallucinogens and their potential therapeutic benefits in psychology and neuroscience.
Neuroscience Research
April 1, 2024
Aurelio Cortese, Mitsuo Kawato
The cognitive reality monitoring network (CRMN) model offers a framework for consciousness that addresses all three of David Marr's levels of understanding—computational theory, algorithms, and hardware—unlike most major theories, which target only one or two levels. The CRMN integrates mixture-of-experts architecture, hierarchical reinforcement learning, and generative/inference computing modules. A key feature is mapping a gating network onto the prefrontal cortex, which monitors the accuracy of mental states and distinguishes them from external reality. By building on the cerebral cortex's hierarchical structure, the model may connect research across species and generate testable hypotheses about consciousness.
Neuroscience Research
May 1, 2023
Keiichi Onoda, Hiroyuki Akama
The posterior brain regions, especially the 'hot zone' for phenomenal consciousness, are central to integrated information theory (IIT). This study used fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project and sleep datasets to estimate the 'main complex'—a set of brain elements where information loss is greatest when partitioned hierarchically. The main complex during wakefulness included executive control, salience, and dorsal/ventral attention networks. These networks persisted during sleep, but the amount of information within them and the default mode network decreased during the hypnagogic stage. The findings suggest that a global interconnected structure of major functional networks may form the core of consciousness.
Neuroscience Research
June 1, 2001
S Vukosavic, S Ruzdijic, R Veskov et al.
Chronic treatment with amphetamine reduced GAP-43 mRNA expression in rats, an effect that persisted for up to 14 days after the last dose, suggesting a neurotoxic effect. In contrast, phencyclidine increased GAP-43 mRNA expression, detectable from early treatment until 21 days after the last dose, indicating activation of pathways involved in remodeling. Haloperidol did not significantly change GAP-43 mRNA expression.