Biotransenergetics (BTE) is an integral transpersonal psychotherapy grounded in an embodied, participatory, and non-dual epistemology of consciousness. Developed by Pier Luigi Lattuada, BTE redefines the therapeutic process through the centrality of the Self, the concept of Transe, and the experiential realization of Essential Transe. The Self is understood as a unifying field of consciousness rather than a psychological construct. Transe is redefined as the fundamental structure of human experience, not an altered state. Essential Transe involves three processes: Passage through Zero (suspension of egoic identification), Persistence of Contact (remaining present without avoidance), and Mastery of Transe (conscious participation in experience). Psychotherapy becomes a path of awakening and reconnection with the Self, with symptoms seen as meaningful expressions of consciousness seeking reintegration.
Spiritual representations are necessary for spiritual experiences to significantly affect behavior, according to an analysis of questionnaire responses from 216 participants. The study developed an initial model of spiritual experience using Grounded Theory, then refined it with exploratory factor analysis when the original model did not fit the data. Multivariate analysis with SmartPLS revealed relationships among factors in the revised model. The positive initial results support further research, including an updated questionnaire and an interpretation framework.
Transpersonal psychology offers psychological science an expanded field of application and methods by addressing its ontological and epistemological foundations. The article discusses the specificities of transpersonal psychology and provides responses to criticism from mainstream psychology, arguing that the field holds enormous potential for broadening the scope of psychological inquiry.