This study delves into the concept of consciousness in Taoism, focusing on how it reflects the flowing and harmonious state with the Tao, the fundamental principle governing the universe. By drawing from classical Taoist texts such as the Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi, it explores Taoism’s unique understanding of consciousness, considering it to possess nonduality, fluidity, and harmony with...
This paper examines Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of mind, focusing on his relational and dialogical conception of subjectivity. The author discusses how Bakhtin has been embraced by the Western tradition of literary theory, particularly within the contexts of postmodernism and poststructuralism. He highlights the tension between Bakhtin as a theorist of discursive plurality and as a philosopher of...
Background: The Altered States of Consciousness Scale (3/5D-ASC or 11-ASC) is widely used to assess non-ordinary states of consciousness, particularly for psychedelic research. However, its original dimensional model (3D-ASC within 5D-ASC) and later 11-subscale structure (11-ASC) have a hierarchically incompatible higher/lower-order structure. Although the 11-ASC offers superior model fit, the...
Fluctuations in the presence, experiential quality and contents of consciousness occur naturally during sleep and wakefulness and are core features of the healthy human mind. The purpose of this article is to consider the possibility that such fluctuations, including mind wandering and dreaming, which we refer to collectively as spontaneous thoughts and experiences (STE), may also be important...
Bringing together insights from the philosophical traditions of phenomenology and the methodology of micro-phenomenology, this work explores the embodied, intersubjective, and ethical dimensions of tactile experience.The primary objectives of the thesis are: 1) to examine the philosophical significance of touch, highlighting its role in shaping human consciousness, intersubjectivity and ethical...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) overlap in behavioral signs, particularly in social functioning; consequently, SSD patients are frequently misdiagnosed with ASD and vice versa. The neurodevelopmental and spectrum nature of both disorders, including milder variants, further complicates differential diagnosis, which calls for a better differentiation by...
David Chalmers’ so-called hard problem of consciousness is concerned with how one can give an account of phenomenal conscious experience in physicalist terms. In this article, after a brief account of Cartesian dualism, I consider how John Paul II’s Theology of the Body speaks to the prospects of a reductionist approach. This is then considered in light of Chalmers’ description of the hard...
This paper addresses some apparent philosophical tensions between realism and enactivism by means of Charles Peirce's pragmatism. Enactivism's Mind-Life Continuity thesis has been taken to commit it to some form of anti-realist 'world-construction' which has been considered controversial. Accordingly, a new realist enactivism is proposed by Zahidi (Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences,...
In the culture of the Khakass people trees are not only the most important economic resource, but also a key structuring symbol. The tree has extremely wide semantic field. In the traditional consciousness of the Khakass people, the symbolic status and functions of the tree are determined by its perception as an object endowed with special properties, belonging simultaneously to the profane and...
Religion is a widespread feature of human life. Religions typically include both distinctive varieties of experience and also a set of foundational beliefs. An additional, but often overlooked, part of many religions is their expression through specific actions, which we here designate religious motor behaviours. Here we describe these religious motor behaviours and offer a taxonomy based on...