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July 12, 2017 Deane H. Shapiro 2 citations
E. Maupin had ordinary subjects focus on breathing for several sessions. These subjects’ meditation experiences were rated on a five-point scale by “blind” judges. A discrete altered state of consciousness is a radically different way of handling information from the physical, intrapersonal, and interpersonal environments, yet the discrete altered state of consciousness may be as arbitrary as...
July 12, 2017 Daniel Brown 2 citations
The main reason that the Rorschach was useful as a validating instrument was that we used it as a measure of cognitive and perceptual change, not as a personality measure, as it is so often used. The Rorschach was administered individually in the traditional manner by a half-dozen Rorschach clinicians, only one of whom was familiar with the hypotheses of the experiment to minimize experimenter...
July 12, 2017 Deane H. Shapiro
Meditation, if it is to be considered an empirically effective clinical strategy, needs to be subjected to the same scientific scrutiny as any other psychotherapeutic strategy. One of the primary weaknesses in meditation studies thus far has been the lack of a clear theoretical rationale linking the independent variable and the selection of the dependent variable. Careful consideration should...
July 12, 2017 Roger Walsh 1 citation
Meditation of one type or another can be found in a wide variety of cultures and traced back for at least two and a half thousand years. The wide spread of popularity of transcendental meditation has been helpful since it comprises a simple, rapid, highly standardized training procedure which readily lends itself to experimental investigation. The responses to meditation are most readily...
July 12, 2017 Jonathan Cole Smith
The most conspicuous trend is that messianic research appears to be on the decline. In the early 1970&s;s meditation research tended to be conducted by new meditation converts who at times seemed more committed to furthering their cause than to objective research. The design involves comparing transcendental meditation (TM) to no treatment and to a control treatment carefully constructed to...
July 12, 2017 Deane H. Shapiro 1 citation
This chapter provides one perspective: a systems framework, involving several dimensions, which may be helpful in providing further clarity and precision when researching meditation, whether as a self-regulation strategy or as an altered state of consciousness. Most of the empirical research on meditation in Western settings has been concerned with looking at physiological and/or behavioral...
July 12, 2017 Robert L. Woolfolk
The analysis of relationships between behavior therapy and meditation is best preceded by a clarification of the understanding of these two terms. Behavior therapy is neither a school or theory of psychotherapy nor a set of therapeutic techniques. It is a set of metatheoretical assumptions leading to an approach to the understanding and modification of behavior in social learning theory terms...
July 12, 2017 James E. Bennett 1 citation
The hemispheres of the brain are thought to be specialized with respect to the manner in which they process information. In view of this it is possible to explore the way information is processed during the performance of a specified task by identifying the relative activity of the hemispheres. The hypothesis, that meditation is characterized by a gestalt, holistic and spacial cognitive style...
July 12, 2017 Bernard Glueck 1 citation
The weakening of the repression barrier that occurs in sleep and in other altered states of consciousness, such as free association during the process of psychoanalytic therapy, may be produced in a relatively simple fashion during transcendental meditation. An impressive aspect of this phenomenon is that, during the meditation, the intense emotional affect that would ordinarily accompany this...
July 12, 2017 Leon S. Otis 31 citations
This chapter describes a study done at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) to determine what, if any, are the negative effects of transcendental meditation (TM). It summarizes an experiment conducted at SRI to determine whether people who adopted the practice of TM were a self-selected population or whether a relatively disinterested random sample of volunteers could realize the benefits claimed...