The article aims to clarify the concept of naivety as it is presented in the works of Georges Bachelard. Although this concept is frequently mentioned, it has not yet been clearly defined. The significance of this research lies in its connection to antagonistic phenomena such as naive science and the naive image in poetry, which are system-forming elements of Bachelard’s philosophical project....
This dissertation maps the bridge between the physical and dreamed body. I examine how physiology, sensory stimulation, lucid awareness, and dream control interact during sleep, framing it as a bidirectional dream–body interface (DBI). Across four works — two laboratory studies, a communication proof-of-concept, and an integrative review — I map how external signals enter dreams, how these...
Practices involving altered states of consciousness (ASCs) are receiving increasing scientific and public attention, particularly in domains such as psychedelic assisted therapy and mindfulness-based interventions (Lee et al., 2021; Nichols et al., 2017). There is also an increasing interest in a broader range of practices involving altered states, including breathwork, ice-bath immersions,...
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the nature of consciousness, selfhood, and perceived reality through the lens of the holographic hypothesis-the proposition that all phenomena consist of symbolic information within a self-contained memory system with no external referent. The inquiry begins with an examination of the "self" as a symbolic construction generated by the...
This project presents a unified, multimodal framework for understanding near-death experiences (NDEs) as structured transformations of the human world-model under extreme physiological stress. Drawing on neuroscience, cognitive psychology, phenomenology, and developmental research, the paper interprets core NDE features—such as tunnel vision, out-of-body experiences, altered time perception,...
The brainstem is crucial for maintaining wakefulness, sleep regulation, and consciousness. It orchestrates alertness through the ascending reticular activating system, integrating sensory information and projecting to the cortex. Consciousness emerges from intricate interactions involving the brainstem, though the brainstem alone does not generate consciousness. Clinical syndromes resulting...
Dreams offer insight into how individual differences shape conscious experience in the absence of external input or task demands. This study examines whether synesthesia is linked to distinct patterns in dream content, suggesting underlying differences in cognitive architecture. Leveraging the statistical power of large-scale, naturalistic data, we analyzed 2,337 dream reports from Reddit,...
Dreams have arguably been a source of creative insight for millennia. The specific assertion that dreams during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep promote creative problem-solving, however, has only anecdotal support, lacking strong empirical support from rigorous studies. Experimental manipulations of dream content have been confounded by waking components, such that any boost in creative...
In this study, the Consciousness States Comparison Scale: REM Version (CSCS-REM) was developed as a self-report instrument to assess dream consciousness during REM sleep in comparison with waking consciousness. Existing instruments capture only limited aspects of phenomenology and provide few opportunities for systematic cross-state evaluation. By anchoring waking consciousness as a reference...
Spontaneous thoughts and experiences, including mind wandering and dreaming, make up a significant proportion of our conscious mental lives. An influential proposal posits that dreaming and mind wandering exist on a continuum of spontaneous thought, in which dreaming is intensified compared to mind wandering. Yet the precise relationship between dreaming and mind wandering is only beginning to...