Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science
June 2, 1986
Virginia Ross
Abstract. A “transcendent function,” which integrates conscious and unconscious elements, can be characterized for the human mind. From Carl Jung's model of four basic functions of the psyche—thinking, feeling, sensation, and intuition—a modified compass of the psyche is constructed to conform to the neurobio‐logical structure of the bilateral brain. The transcendent function can be correlated...
Sleep
1986
S Purcell, J Mullington, A Moffitt et al.
This research was directed toward the contradiction sustained by cognitive dream psychology, which on the one hand regards dreaming as higher symbolic activity and, on the other, sees its organizational and functional characteristics as derivative and/or inferior to those of waking consciousness. Study 1 evaluates the degree of self-reflective meta-cognition in dreams from different sleep...
Archives of Neurology
September 1, 1985
Francis Schiller
5 citations
The paradoxical aspects of dreams have always been interpreted according to prevalent ways of thinking. Dreams as premonitions of disease have been reported since the classical era, and hypnagogic hallucinations, so named by Alfred Maury and viewed as "psychosensory hallucinations" by Baillarger in the 1840s (extending the Kantian definition of the madman as a "waking dreamer"), have been...
Imagination, Cognition and Personality
September 1, 1985
Jayne Gackenbach
7 citations
This article reviews several considerations to be taken by the potential lucid dream researcher or lucid dreamer when attempting to increase the frequency of dreaming lucidly (i.e., consciousness awareness of dreaming while the dream is ongoing). Attempts to induce lucidity have been made both prior to falling asleep and while sleeping. Methods showing promise include, the administration of...
Imagination, Cognition and Personality
September 1, 1984
Ilene Wasserman, Bonnie L. Ballif
Perceived interactions between the dream division of consciousness and waking consciousness were investigated by asking subjects to attribute their moods to one of ten possible causes and to rate the influence of their dreams for twenty-eight days. Over time, some subjects occasionally evaluated dreams as the dominant cause of their moods. Across subjects and days, 11 percent of recalled dreams...
W&M Publish
1983
Gregory Scott Sparrow
1 citation
The purpose of this study was to determine the availability of "lucid dreaming" to a sample comprised of individuals with a wide variety of previous dream work experience. Defined as the experience of becoming aware that one is dreaming during the dream itself, lucid dreaming has been regarded as a potentially therapeutic experience which, if inducible in counseling clients and self-directed...
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
September 1, 1982
R Broughton
The relevance of sleep/waking rhythms to issues of human consciousness is reviewed from data in the literature and from personal studies. Consciousness is often considered to be markedly attenuated or absent in sleep. There is, however, much evidence for a rich subjective experience during sleep, much of which is not recalled later. This implies that William James' "stream of consciousness'...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
February 1, 1982
Keith M. T. Hearne
A group of 70 persons (16 males, 54 females) who experience lucid dreams (those in which the dreamer becomes aware of dreaming) were given set tasks to perform in the lucid state and asked to report what happened. A pilot study had indicated certain consistencies of effect between subjects. Evidence was obtained, based on the reports of 16 persons, to suggest that it is often difficult to...
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
1978
Derek A. Stern, Graham S. Saayman, Stephen Touyz
13 citations
This experiment tested the hypothesis that demand characteristics, as outlined by Orne (1962), may affect dream content. Twelve subjects, allocated to two matched groups balanced for age and sex, were selected on the basis of good dream recall from 94 volunteer psychology I students. Subjects were involved in the study for 15 consecutive nights, three of which were laboratory recording nights,...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
October 1, 1977
M. L. Griffin, D. Foulkes
29 subjects attempted, over a period of 10 nights, to influence their dreams using techniques described in Garfield's book, Creative Dreaming (1974). A target suggestion was selected from a list of six suggestions compiled by, or for, each subject. Subjects kept daily records during the experiment both of their efforts at dream influence and of the dreams they recalled. Four judges attempted to...