September 7, 2017
Charles N. Alexander, Robert W. Cranson, Robert W. Boyer et al.
21 citations
This chapter introduces a fourth major state of consciousness--transcendental consciousness--to distinguish it from the states of deep sleep, dreaming, including lucid dreaming, and waking, and to suggest its role in a model of human development to higher states of consciousness. The experience of the fourth state of consciousness has been described and its physiological correlates have been...
September 7, 2017
Alan R. Moffitt, Robert Hoffmann
4 citations
This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge and opinion concerning the psychophysiological study of dreams, dreaming, and dreamers. This can be done simply and briefly. There is an emerging consensus that the scientific study of dreams has not lived up to the potential that motivated much of the research following the discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in 1953. Mental activity...
Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care
August 10, 2017
Frederick Travis
1 citation
This chapter explores subjective and objective correlates of the state of Yoga during Transcendental Meditation practice. Yoga fits the three criteria of a higher state of consciousness: (1) Yoga has a different subject/object relationship than other states. In Yoga there is no content—only self-awareness. (2) Yoga involves a more expanded sense-of-self. Content analysis of descriptions of Yoga...
Sleep
August 1, 2017
Kiyohide Usami, Riki Matsumoto, Katsuya Kobayashi et al.
To investigate the changes in cortical neural responses induced by external inputs during phasic rapid eye movement (p-REM) sleep. Single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) was directly applied to the human cortex during REM sleep through subdural electrodes, in seven patients who underwent invasive presurgical evaluation for intractable partial epilepsy. SPES was applied to parts of the...
Routledge eBooks
July 20, 2017
Antti Revonsuo
All empirical science is based on systematic observations and measurements. Consciousness itself, especially its qualitative features, is invisible to physical research instruments. The challenge for consciousness science is to find methods by which to observe and measure subjective conscious experiences accurately and systematically. Many data-collection methods in psychology are indirect...
Synthese
July 20, 2017
Matthew Soteriou
11 citations
Abstract Sosa (Proc Addresses Am Philos Assoc 79(2): 7–18, 2005) argues that we should reject the orthodox conception of dreaming—the view that dream states and waking states are “intrinsically alike, though different in their causes and effects” (2005: p. 7). The alternative he proposes is that “to dream is to imagine” (2005: p. 7). According to this imagination model of dreaming, our dreamt...
July 20, 2017
Serena Scarpelli, L. Gennaro
Dreaming is a common human experience investigated from multiple perspectives over the centuries. Recently, this phenomenon has stimulated scientific interest, becoming a peculiar context to study memory processes and consciousness (1).
Psychopharmacology
July 1, 2017
Rainer Kraehenmann, Dan Pokorný, Leonie Vollenweider et al.
Rationale Accumulating evidence indicates that the mixed serotonin and dopamine receptor agonist lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induces an altered state of consciousness that resembles dreaming. Objectives This study aimed to test the hypotheses that LSD produces dreamlike waking imagery and that this imagery depends on 5-HT2A receptor activation and is related to subjective drug effects....
Ethos
June 1, 2017
Douglas W. Hollan
4 citations
Abstract In this article, I use the study of selfscape dreams to discuss contagion‐like processes not as unique or extraordinary phenomena per se, but rather as a particular kind of social influence more broadly conceived. In particular, I argue that dream consciousness gives us clues about how social influence (and contagion) actually works: partially, incrementally, in a “condensed” way,...
Routledge eBooks
May 18, 2017
Ole Vedfelt
Cognitive dream theory is based on observations of the parallels between dreaming and waking cognition, the so-called ‘continuity hypothesis’. Many studies indicate that sleep and dreaming contribute to storing and consolidating elements of memory in various systems with differing functions. Robert Hoss, a former president of the International Association for the Study of Dreams, has described...