Ketamine and esketamine have been approved as an adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder with acute suicidal ideation and behavior in adults. The current paper aimed to systematically review the available data on their efficacy in children and adolescents. The MEDLINE was searched with the keyword 'esketamine' on July 5th, 2024 (by following the PRISMA statement)....
Ketamine, a nonselective NMDA-receptor antagonist, is an emerging therapeutic for treatment-resistant depression and could also be a promising treatment for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorders. However, preclinical studies in these areas lack methodological standardization, limiting clinical translatability. This review evaluates ketamine's anxiolytic potential in rodents by examining...
NeuropsychopharmacologyFebruary 1, 2026Dongsun Park, Gwangho Lee, Bokyum Kim et al.1 citation
Ketamine has emerged as a rapid-acting antidepressant that challenges classical monoaminergic frameworks and highlights the importance of synaptic and circuit-level plasticity in mood regulation. This review examines the hippocampus as a key site through which ketamine exerts both rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. We synthesize evidence showing that ketamine enhances hippocampal...
Background: This study aimed to estimate the 95% effective dose (ED95) of ciprofol when combined with esketamine or sufentanil in elderly patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and to explore the associated clinical and safety profiles of these sedation strategies. Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, 44 patients aged 65– 80 years undergoing ESD were...
Introduction: Comorbid conditions such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder are common among Veterans, and the presence of multiple conditions requires innovative treatment approaches. The Newly Institute in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, has introduced a novel intervention combining sublingual ketamine therapy with a medically managed transdiagnostic...
Since 2000, rates of suicide and opioid overdose have sharply increased. Approximately one-third of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience treatment-resistant depression (TRD), highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. This review synthesizes pivotal preclinical and clinical findings on low-dose ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects and examines...
Repeated exposure to ketamine leads to mental behavioral disorders and cognitive deficits in mice. As a neurotransmitter receptor, dopamine receptor 1 (DRD1) is involved in mental regulation and memory formation. However, the role of DRD1 in ketamine's behavioral disorder and neurotoxicity remains unclear. We found that seven-day ketamine exposure induced anxiety-like, depressive-like behavior...
Ketamine exhibits various pharmacological effects due to its high efficacy, but reports also indicate its potential to cause brain side effects and neurotoxicity. It can induce oxidative stress and impair mitochondrial function, although the exact mechanism of its neurotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of α-tocopherol on ketamine-induced toxicity in rat brain...
PainJanuary 29, 2026Nicole Richter, Stefanie Schmidt, Glauce Regina Pigatto et al.
Pain perception involves somatosensory-discriminative and affective-motivational components, mediated by separate brain circuits. Traditional mouse behavioral assays lack the resolution to disentangle this complexity. Recent studies using subanesthetic ketamine doses in the hot-plate test revealed a dissociation between paw lifts (somatosensory) and bites & licks (affective). In this study, we...
Recreational ketamine use has increased globally and is associated with psychiatric and cognitive concerns. The hippocampus in preclinical models shows damage and working-memory disruption with repeated dosing. However, whether specific hippocampal subregions may differ in people with chronic ketamine use remains unclear. In Taiwan, ketamine is predominantly consumed by smoking ketamine mixed...