Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy
January 2019
Marie E Secrist, Constance J Dalenberg, Richard Gevirtz
There is little research in the current literature regarding contributing factors to nightmares in children. This study aimed to test potentially overlapping predictors of nightmare distress and severity, including anxiety, dissociation, trauma history, vagal tone, and parental processing of emotions. Sixty parent-child dyads (children ages 6-11) filled out a variety of child-report and...
Handbook of Sleep Research
2019
Serena Scarpelli, Maurizio Gorgoni, A. D’Atri et al.
Abstract Once questioned the assumption that dreaming depends on REM sleep, subsequent studies focused on the neural correlates of dream recall (DR). Considering the indirect access to the sleep mentation, this chapter reviews the main neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological findings on DR. Compelling evidence supports the idea that shared mechanisms between sleep and...
Staged Experiences
2019
In The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare offers us a complex figure of Shylock: a Jew, a usurer, and a scapegoat. Here, the whole complexity of the disturbing play is inscribed. Against the enigmatic setting of Venice, the figure of Shylock is culturally constructed and offered to the audiences according to the best artistic intentions of the production team. In a different cultural context, the...
Behavioral Sleep Medicine
2019
Thomas E Ellis, Katrina A Rufino, Michael R Nadorff
Objectives: This study sought to assess the utility of Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) for nightmares in an inpatient psychiatric setting. Although IRT enjoys a substantial evidence base for efficacy in various populations, data with psychiatric inpatients are lacking. Participants: Participants were 20 adult psychiatric inpatients (11 male, 9 female; mean age=43.4), in an extended stay...
NeuroImage: Clinical
2019
Lampros Perogamvros, Hyeong-Dong Park, Laurence Bayer et al.
Nightmares are characterized by the experience of strong negative emotions occurring mainly during REM sleep. Some people suffer from nightmare disorder, which is defined by the repeated occurrence of nightmares and by significant distress in wakefulness. Yet, whether frequent nightmares relate to a general increase in emotional reactivity or arousal during sleep remains unclear. To address...
Sleep Science
2019
Michael Schredl, Anja S Goeritz
The diagnosis of a nightmare disorder is based on clinically significant distress caused by the nightmares, e.g., sleep or mood disturbances. In order to understand nightmare etiology better empirical research should focus on studying factors that affect nightmare distress in addition to nightmare frequency. Overall, 2492 persons (1437 woman, 1055 men) completed the online survey. Nightmare...
Frontiers in Psychology
2019
Serena Scarpelli, Chiara Bartolacci, Aurora D'Atri et al.
Dream experience (DE) represents a fascinating condition linked to emotional processes and the human inner world. Although the overlap between REM sleep and dreaming has been overcome, several studies point out that emotional and perceptually vivid contents are more frequent when reported upon awakenings from this sleep stage. Actually, it is well-known that REM sleep plays a pivotal role in...
European Journal of Psychotraumatology
2019
Robert-Jacek Gorzka, Katja Rebling, Helge Höllmer et al.
Background: Nightmares are a widespread phenomenon. In comparison to the general population, they occur in mentally ill and especially in traumatized individuals with an increased frequency. Despite the high prevalence, there is no short questionnaire in the German language that is able to characterize nightmares, to differentiate between different nightmare types and to assess their impact on...
Frontiers in Neurology
2019
Serena Scarpelli, Aurora D'Atri, Chiara Bartolacci et al.
Several findings underlined that the electrophysiological (EEG) background of the last segment of sleep before awakenings may predict the presence/absence of dream recall (DR) in young subjects. However, little is known about the EEG correlates of DR in elderly people. Only an investigation found differences between recall and non-recall conditions during NREM sleep EEG in older adults,...
Frontiers in Neurology
2019
Ahmed S BaHammam, Aljohara S Almeneessier
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can present with or provoke various psychological symptoms. In this article, we critically review studies that have examined dreams, dream recall, and dream content in patients with OSA. Obstructive events induce recurrent sleep fragmentation and intermittent desaturations in patients with OSA, which may trigger different parasomnias, including nightmares....