Archives of General Psychiatry
February 1, 1994
Ruck J. Strassman
454 citations
BACKGROUND: Validation of animal models of hallucinogenic drugs' subjective effects requires human data. Previous human studies used varied groups of subjects and assessment methods. Rating scales for hallucinogen effects emphasized psychodynamic principles or the drugs' dysphoric properties. We describe the subjective effects of graded doses of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an endogenous...
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
1994
Cornelia Maré, Steven Jay Lynn, Steven A. Kvaal et al.
11 citations
In Study 1, virtuoso (n = 13; passed more than 10 suggestions on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A [HGSHS:A] and Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C), high hypnotizable (n = 14; passed more than 8 suggestions on the HGSHS:A), and medium hypnotizable (n = 17; passed 4-8 suggestions on the HGSHS:A) Ss were administered a hypnotic dream suggestion followed by a...
1994
Antonio Zadra
4 citations
Six studies are presented whose combined goals were to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of repetition and negative affect in dreams, dream content measures, and measures of well-being. Study 1 presents the results of a content analysis of childhood and adult recurrent dreams. Study 2 showed that recurrent dreamers score lower on measures of well-being and report more negative...
Clio's Psyche
1994
M. Potts
In human history when and how did dreaming consciousness and the ability to metaphorize (or “imagemake”) originate? This question has been the subject of extensive research by MacKenzie (1965), Mumford (1966), and Langer (1972). Mumford (1966) concluded that proto-human consciousness was initially comprised of dreamlike consciousness which gradually evolved into waking consciousness, in...
Brain Research Bulletin
1994
Nicholas Rosenlicht, T Maloney, Irwin Feinberg
Twenty two young adult subjects (Ss) were monitored for 2 consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. Each S was awakened three times per night: at sleep onset and during the second (REMP2) and fourth (REMP4) REM periods. Length of time in each REMP prior to awakening was either 5 or 10 min, counterbalanced on successive nights. Sleep mentation reports were obtained by standardized interview...
International Journal of Psychology
December 1, 1993
David Foulkes, Barbara Meier, Inge Strauch et al.
10 citations
Sixteen German‐English bilinguals were studied in a sleep laboratory for four nonconsecutive nights each. Half were native English speakers living in Zürich, and half native German speakers living in Atlanta. Presleep thought samples were solicited each evening and REM dream reports each night; subjects judged the waking appropriateness of their imagined speech and language phenomena, and also...
International Forum of Psychoanalysis
October 1, 1993
Montague Ullman
An alternative view of the nature of dreaming consciousness is presented that differs from that of Dr. McDougall in three important ways. The dream is not regarded as the result of a return to a regressive state. It is a highly creative metaphorical representation of the subjective state of the dreamer. The dreamer is involved in a self-confrontational act that is revelatory rather than...
Cognition
June 1, 1993
D Symons
It is adaptive for individuals to be continuously alert and responsive to external stimuli (such as the sound and odor of an approaching predator or the cry of an infant), even during sleep. Natural selection thus has disfavored the occurrence during sleep of hallucinations that compromise external vigilance. In the great majority of mammalian species, including Homo sapiens, closed eyes and...
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
May 1, 1993
Jung Hie Lee, Donald L. Bliwise, Emmanuelle Lebret-Bories et al.
36 citations
Both patients with narcolepsy and insomnia frequently present clinically with nocturnal sleep disrupted by disturbing dreams. Polysomnographic correlates of these reports are unclear. In this study, 24 patients with psychophysiological insomnia and 16 patients with narcolepsy were compared on selected polysomnographic and self-reported typical dream characteristics. As a group, patients with...
Journal of Book of Mormon Studies
April 1, 1993
Kevin Christensen
6 citations
Abstract This article suggests that contemporary near-death research casts light on several episodes in the Book of Mormon. Alma’s conversion while "nigh unto death" fits a common pattern of experience. Modern researchers have noticed distinctive aftereffects among NDErs. In the Book of Mormon, both Alma and the resurrected Christ demonstrate these aftereffects. Lehi’s dream invites comparison...