Fear and anxiety perform essential protective roles, yet when they become dysregulated, they can trap trauma survivors in persistent hypervigilance and distress. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) manifests as intrusive memories, avoidance, and heightened arousal long after the precipitating event. Although current pharmacotherapies - including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,...
Dreams have been considered clinically significant. Research on dreams can be broadly classified into case and survey studies. This study focuses on survey studies on dreams in clinical psychology in Japan, taking a general view of them. It also focuses on the heterogeneity of images, which is one perspective on perceiving images, and discusses the significance of examining the heterogeneity of...
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) often co-occur, worsening outcomes, relapse rates, and treatment response. Ketamine produces rapid and sustained PTSD symptom reduction and reduces AUD relapse. Prazosin effectively treats PTSD-related nightmares and may reduce alcohol consumption in individuals with heightened autonomic reactivity. The dual complementary...
Dream characters, the figures we interact with during sleep, exhibit structural parallels to AI systems: both are substrate-generated, display apparent autonomy, lack continuity, and present an irresolvable question regarding inner experience. I argue that our inability to determine whether dream characters possess phenomenal experience should function as a decisive check on claims, affirmative...
The term “surreal” in André Breton’s thought was interpreted as an involuntary mental act. According to him, the states of consciousness of an awake mind represent only a limited aspect of mental activity, as external forces constrain them. If on let the thought be free, it abandons these narrow paths that suffocate it and connects with the full power of imagination. In Sadegh Hedayat’s work,...
The article examines dreams as a primordial, non-verbal mode of communication within the framework of contemporary Psychology of Religion. Dreaming—especially in the REM phase—predates articulated speech by hundreds of millions of years (around 500 million years), is observable across both vertebrate and invertebrate species, and operates as a psychosomatic interface linking conscious and...
Consciousness is the window of the brain and reflects many fundamental cognitive properties involving both computational and cognitive mechanisms. A collection of these properties was described as the"easy problems"by Chalmers, including the ability to discriminate, categorize, and react to stimuli; information integration; reportability; information access; attention; deliberate control; and...
In recent years, for higher education—especially in the United States—spirituality has emerged as a prominent topic on campus, both in curricular and co-curricular formats. Historically, religion has played a large role in the foundations and even missions of many universities, but in the modern era, especially for public universities, personal spirituality has become the frequent way in which...
medRxivFebruary 17, 2026Constantin Weberpals, A. Specht, Natasja Bonde Andersen et al.
preprint
Abstract Type 1 narcolepsy (NT1), a disorder caused by the loss of hypocretin/orexin transmission, is characterized by daytime sleepiness and symptoms where Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, a state normally occurring from middle to late in the night, can intermingle with wakefulness. This results in cataplexy and sleep paralysis, episodes of muscle paralysis when awake, or in the generation of...
Based on advances in computing and devices as an extension of the human body, new technologies focused on neuromodulation and with the help of artificial intelligence, can generate lucid dreams and even improve concentration. With noise cancellation through devices such as smart hearing aids or with the generation of devices that detect and modify brain waves, the human body has been empowered...