Although these findings suggest psilocybin is associated with dynamic and temporally distinct neuroplastic changes linked to clinical improvement, several limitations must be acknowledged. Many studies reused overlapping datasets with high exploratory flexibility and risk of bias. The generalizability of results is therefore constrained. Future research should emphasize independent datasets,...
aim: To provide a balanced account of psilocybin treatment of depression for expectations to be appropriately set. method: Review and discussion of key psilocybin efficacy studies. Reporting of side effects and risk of harm with psychedelic treatments. Comparisons and contrasts with ketamine studies of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). result: Early psilocybin studies offer promise but...
Previous work has identified four correlated factors (depression phenotypes) using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)- Sadness, Negative Thoughts, detachment/Interest and Activity (IA), and Neurovegetative. We explored treatment responses to ketamine based on these 4 phenotypes in treatment resistant depression (TRD). This is a secondary analysis of data from an open-label...
Nitrous oxide may possess antidepressant effects; however, limited data exist on repeated administrations and active placebo-controlled studies in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We aimed to test the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial examining a 4-week course of nitrous oxide or midazolam, an active placebo. In this randomised, active, placebo-controlled pilot trial, 40...
Background: This study aimed to: (1) compare the rates of change in the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms (primary outcomes) as well as internalized stigma and its components (shame with appearance [SWA], speech and social concerns [SSCs], sense of stigma [SS], and regret [R]; secondary outcomes) between the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) group and the treatment-as-usual...
This review examines ketamine's neurotoxic potential across preclinical and clinical studies. The authors synthesized data from preclinical models, then integrated findings from human clinical trials of esketamine and observational studies in recreational users. Animal studies have found that repeated or high-dose subanesthetic ketamine administration results in consistent excitotoxic neuronal...
Abstract Background Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability and economic loss, with high recurrence and treatment resistance. Psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) shows promise in reducing depressive symptoms, but long-term effects are unknown. We aimed to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of PAT for MDD over a five-year follow-up period. Methods Individuals who...
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has potent antidepressant effects yet can lead to neurocognitive side effects. Ketamine is a rapid-acting antidepressant, which may be an alternative to ECT. Few have directly compared the cognitive effects of ECT and ketamine treatment. We compared cognitive effects of intravenous ketamine and ECT in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), collected...
Abstract Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant public health concern, and current treatments often have limitations in effectiveness and adherence. Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound found in certain mushrooms, is being explored as a potential treatment for depression. It primarily acts through the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor but interacts with 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors....