Folia biologica
2014
S Karimi, M Jahanshahi, M J Golalipour
Ecstasy or MDMA as a psychoactive drug and hallucinogen is considered one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. This psychotropic substance is discussed both as sexually stimulating and reducing fear and anxiety. Amphetamines also destroy neurons in some brain areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MDMA on anxiety and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Forty-two...
International Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry
2014
A. Zebarjadi, D. Ghasemian, R. Hassanzadeh
The present study was conducted on the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on reduction of depression and Dysfunctional attitudes of divorced women in Tehran. It was an experimental study with pre-test-post-test design and control group. The population consists (100) individuals who answered the depression and dysfunctional attitudes questionnaires and 20 samples were chosen...
UTAS Research Repository
2014
ML Fallon
The efficacy of mindfulness-based therapies for treatment of a range of psychological presentations has been demonstrated by a substantial amount of research. The present study compared three specific mindfulness techniques: mindfulness of breath (MOB), body scanning (BS), and everyday mindfulness (EDM). A community sample of 263 was recruited to complete an 8-week course, with participants...
Current Pharmaceutical Design
2014
Joanna Jacobus, Susan F Tapert
This article reviews neuroimaging, neurocognitive, and preclinical findings on the effects of cannabis on the adolescent brain. Marijuana is the second most widely used intoxicant in adolescence, and teens who engage in heavy marijuana use often show disadvantages in neurocognitive performance, macrostructural and microstructural brain development, and alterations in brain functioning. It...
Frontiers in Pharmacology
2014
Petra Amchova, Jana Kučerová, Valentina Giugliano et al.
Depression has been associated with drug consumption, including heavy or problematic cannabis use. According to an animal model of depression and substance use disorder comorbidity, we combined the olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) model of depression with intravenous drug self-administration procedure to verify whether depressive-like rats displayed altered voluntary intake of the CB1 receptor...
Translational Perioperative and Pain Medicine
2014
Edward Orton, Renyu Liu
Salvinorin A is a potent and selective agonist of kappa opioid receptors in the brain. Recent studies in several animal models have revealed that Salvinorin A has anti-addiction, anti-depression properties and exhibits pronounced neuroprotective effects against hypoxia/ischemia induced brain damage, and have raised interest in potential clinical applications in several acute pathologies...
The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine
2014
M L Zuccoli, A Muscella, C Fucile et al.
Ketamine is an anaesthetic and analgesic drug synthesized in the 1960s from phencyclidine. The recreational use of ketamine increased among the dance culture of techno and house music, in particular in clubs, discotheques, and rave parties. The psychotropic effects of ketamine are now well known and they range from dissociation to positive, negative, and cognitive schizophrenia-like symptoms....
PLoS One
2014
Keisuke Hazama, Atsuko Hayata-Takano, Kazuki Uetsuki et al.
Accumulating evidence from human genetic studies implicates the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) gene as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and stress-related diseases. Mice with homozygous disruption of the PACAP gene display profound behavioral and neurological abnormalities that are ameliorated with the atypical antipsychotic and...
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
2014
David E Smith, Glenn E Raswyck, Leigh Dickerson Davidson
Since the discovery of its psychedelic properties in 1943, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has been explored by psychiatric/therapeutic researchers, military/intelligence agencies, and a significant portion of the general population. Promising early research was halted by LSD's placement as a Schedule I drug in the early 1970s. The U.S. Army and CIA dropped their research after finding it...
Brain, Mind and Consciousness in the History of Neuroscience
2014
Barry K. Ward
This essay examines the link (if any) between quantum mechanics and consciousness and the problem of interpretation. The ‘measurement problem’ that arises from the ‘Copenhagen Interpretation’ is discussed and alternative interpretations such as Everett’s ‘Parallel Worlds’, Bohm’s ‘Hidden Variables’ and the ‘Heisenberg-Dirac Propensity’ interpretations are examined. The role of consciousness in...