The unfathomable richness of seeing.
Trends in Cognitive Sciences July 3, 2025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2025.06.001 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Keywords | Phenomenal overflow Visual phenomenology Visual space Visual perception seeing Visual experience Perceiving objects Immense detail Vast perceptual richness Visual information Consciousness consciousness Our consciousness Underlying features Feature grouping |
| Citations | 5 |
| Key points | Argues that visual experience is unfathomably rich, structured by three levels of phenomenology, and that much seen content is inaccessible to use, report, or memory. |
Abstract
Many hold that visual experience is sparse and its richness illusory, relying on high-level summaries rather than detailed content. However, we argue here that seeing is more than this - it is unfathomably rich. We distinguish three levels of visual phenomenology: high level object and scene categorizations; mid-level feature groupings; and a fundamental spatial field composed of spots and their spatial relations. Crucially, we argue that seeing objects requires seeing the groupings that compose them, and that seeing groupings requires seeing the spatial field that grounds them. Even the most basic feeling of spatial extendedness implies rich phenomenal structure. It follows that much of what we see cannot be used, reported, or remembered. And yet we see it.
Citations in the library
Cited by 5
- Human consciousness and cognition go hand in hand, but require different types of explanations Aperture Neuro March 18, 2026
- Architecture of Near-Death Experience Spaces bioRxiv Preprint Server October 17, 2025
- Conscious Awareness Across the Visual Field. Annual review of vision science September 2026
- Electrophysiological correlates of detection and identification awareness for digits and letters. Neuropsychologia February 15, 2026
- Lifting the veil: probing altered visual perception in derealization. Neuroscience of Consciousness 2025
Cites 15
- Why Does Space Feel the Way it Does? Towards a Principled Account of Spatial Experience Entropy November 27, 2019
- Perceptual integration without conscious access. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences April 4, 2017
- Are we underestimating the richness of visual experience? Neuroscience of Consciousness 2017
- Consciousness and the fallacy of misplaced objectivity. Neuroscience of Consciousness 2021
- Perceptual consciousness and cognitive access: an introduction. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences September 19, 2018
and 10 more in the library