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The Cross‐Cultural Evidence on “Extreme Behaviors”

Jean E. Jackson

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences August 1, 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04536.x (opens in new tab)

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Characteristics Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed
Citations 7
Key points Proposes a typology of intentional "extreme" body/mind alterations and argues that meaningful dialogue between Western and Indo-Tibetan medicine requires rethinking biomedicine's physicalist assumptions and "evidence-based medicine," while guarding against Western intellectual hegemony that could colonize non-Western medical traditions.

Abstract

Many kinds of body/mind practices are capable of producing remarkable behaviors and altered body states. A typology of such behaviors and states, defined as observable and intentional "extreme" alterations to the body, is presented. Epistemological and methodological issues are discussed: limitations of observational data, and role of meaning, intentionality, and consciousness. Rapprochement between Western medicine and Indo-Tibetan medicine requires rethinking biomedicine's radical grounding in physicality and reliance on "evidence-based medicine," and guarding against an ethnocentric Western intellectual hegemony motivating medical science and clinical practice to colonize and subvert non-Western traditions like Indo-Tibetan Buddhist medicine.

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