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The Problem of Hard and Easy Problems

T. Baetu

Canadian Journal of Philosophy March 31, 2023 DOI: 10.1017/can.2022.46 (opens in new tab)

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Characteristics Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed
Topics Philosophy of mind
Key points Argues that none of the three proposed demarcation criteria—functional definability, the puzzle of the accompanying phenomenon, and first-person subjective data—can accurately discriminate between consciousness and mechanistically explainable phenomena, undermining Chalmers's claim that consciousness is uniquely hard.

Abstract

David Chalmers advocates the view that the phenomenon of consciousness is fundamentally different from all other phenomena studied in the life sciences, positing a uniquely hard problem that precludes the possibility of a mechanistic explanation. In this paper, I evaluate three demarcation criteria for dividing phenomena into hard and easy problems: functional definability, the puzzle of the accompanying phenomenon, and the first-person data of subjective experience. I argue that none of the proposed criteria can accurately discriminate between the phenomenon of consciousness and mechanistically explainable phenomena.

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