Descriptive or Interpretive? A Reflexive Framework for Methodological Choice and Bracketing in Phenomenology

Abstract

Phenomenology remains a central yet often misunderstood approach in qualitative inquiry, valued for its ability to reveal the meanings of lived experience. Despite its influence, researchers continue to face uncertainty in applying phenomenological principles consistently. Two areas frequently present challenges: determining when to adopt descriptive or interpretive phenomenology, and understanding how to operationalise bracketing within empirical descriptive phenomenological research. Furthermore, this paper offers a critical discussion addressing these concerns. It introduces a reflexive decision-making process to guide methodological choice, linking the selection of descriptive or interpretive phenomenology to the researcher’s prior knowledge and the existing body of phenomenological evidence. Bracketing is clarified as an iterative and reflexive practice, distinct from but related to reduction, and is described as a disciplined attitude that can be sustained throughout a study. Together, these contributions offer practical and accessible frameworks that enhance clarity, coherence, and reflexivity in phenomenological research. They also support more transparent methodological reporting and strengthen the credibility and pedagogical value of phenomenology across disciplines.