Sufi Chanting and Altered State of Consciousness: A Preliminary Review

Abstract

This preliminary study explores the role of Sufi chanting in inducing Altered States of Consciousness (ASC) that is known as Fana in Sufism. Sufi chanting such as Zikr is a prevalent spiritual practice in Islamic mystical tradition, well-known for its profound impact on mental health and spiritual growth. This preliminary study investigates the mechanisms of these chanting practices through their rhythmic and melodic elements and comparing their effectiveness in inducing ASC and promoting psychological well-being. The problem addressed in this study is the lack of comprehensive understanding of how specific elements of Sufi Chanting contribute to Fana or ASC and consequently lead to psychological well-being. This preliminary study employs content analysis method which includes past literatures and communication artefacts such as texts, pictures, audio and video related to Sufi Chanting and ASC. The initial findings reveal that Sufi chanting significantly enhances emotional regulation, reduce stress, and induce states of deep meditation and spiritual connection. The findings suggest that incorporating traditional spiritual practices like Sufi chanting into contemporary therapeutic models can improve mental health intervention. These practices offer a culturally sensitive approach to well-being, providing holistic benefits that integrate spiritual and psychological health.