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The Integration of Artificial Intelligence, Back Propagation Neural Network, and Virtual Reality in Tennis Training: A Perspective of Mindfulness Meditation

Min Liao, Zhen Liu

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology March 27, 2026 DOI: 10.1142/s0219519426500144 (opens in new tab)

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Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Randomized controlled trial Peer reviewed
Population College students
Interventions VR mindfulness training Mindfulness training
Topics Meditation
Key findings The VR mindfulness group achieved the greatest performance improvement (9.53%), exceeding the mindfulness group (8.13%) and control group (4.31%). Psychological indicators improved, and the predictive model showed errors below 1%. The authors argue that mindfulness levels serve as a significant mediating path between training method and performance.

Abstract

This study develops and validates an intervention system for college students' tennis training. From the perspective of mindfulness meditation, it integrates virtual reality (VR) technology and artificial intelligence (AI) through a Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) model. The experiment divides respondents into three groups: VR mindfulness group, control group, and mindfulness group. It systematically evaluates changes in training performance, sleep quality, emotional states, fatigue perception, and mindfulness levels while constructing a BPNN model to predict training outcomes. Results demonstrate that the VR mindfulness group achieves the most remarkable performance improvement (average 9.53%), substantially exceeding the mindfulness group (8.13%) and control group (4.31%), with all p-values <0.05. Psychological indicators, including mindfulness levels, fatigue perception, emotional states, and sleep quality, also exhibit marked improvement trends. The BPNN model shows strong predictive capability, with all three groups maintaining mean absolute percentage errors below 1%. Further analysis of the intermediary roles reveals that sleep quality, fatigue perception, mindfulness levels, and emotional states are all significant mediating paths. In contrast, the indirect path of mindfulness levels between training methods and performance is the most prominent, with a p-value<0.001. The study indicates that AI-enhanced VR mindfulness training effectively boosts college students' tennis training outcomes. Moreover, it achieves indirect promotion by optimizing the psychological state, which holds substantial and theoretical value and provides an empirical basis for intelligent sports training.

Comparable studies

Other randomized controlled trials on meditation, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Alterations in Brain and Immune Function Produced by Mindfulness Meditation Healthy employees in a work environment 2003 Randomized controlled trial n = 41
Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Recovered recurrently depressed patients 2000 Randomized controlled trial n = 145
Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Working adults 2008 Randomized controlled trial n = 139
Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation Undergraduate Chinese students 2007 Randomized controlled trial n = 40
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: Replication and Exploration of Differential Relapse Prevention Effects. Recovered recurrently depressed patients 2004 Randomized controlled trial n = 73

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