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Mental representations are not necessary for fish consciousness

Luis H. Favela

Animal Sentience August 3, 2026 DOI: 10.51291/2377-7478.1243 (opens in new tab)

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AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed
Topics Philosophy of mind
Keywords Evolution Cognitive neuroscience Zoology Cognition and perception Life sciences
Key points Argues that the representational theory of consciousness, which Woodruff assumes, undermines his case for teleost phenomenal consciousness. Proposes that organisms can have phenomenological experiences without indirect perception via mental representations, based on ecological psychology and comparative ethology.

Abstract

Woodruff (2017) argues that teleost fishes are capable of phenomenal consciousness. Central to his argument is the assumption that phenomenal consciousness is representational in nature. I think the commitment to a representational theory of consciousness undermines Woodruff’s case for teleost phenomenal consciousness. The reason is that organisms do not need to perceive the world indirectly via mental images/representations in order to have phenomenological experiences. My argument is based on considerations of ecological psychology and comparative ethology.

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