Fish do not feel pain and its implications for understanding phenomenal consciousness.
Biology & philosophy 2015 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Keywords | Affective states Avoidance learning Fish Neocortex Pain Pallium Phenomenal consciousness |
| Citations | 115 |
| Key points | Argues that fish lack the essential neural characteristics for phenomenal consciousness and therefore do not feel pain, while mammals and birds possess such architecture. |
Abstract
Phenomenal consciousness or the subjective experience of feeling sensory stimuli is fundamental to human existence. Because of the ubiquity of their subjective experiences, humans seem to readily accept the anthropomorphic extension of these mental states to other animals. Humans will typically extrapolate feelings of pain to animals if they respond physiologically and behaviourally to noxious stimuli. The alternative view that fish instead respond to noxious stimuli reflexly and with a limited behavioural repertoire is defended within the context of our current understanding of the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of mental states. Consequently, a set of fundamental properties of neural tissue necessary for feeling pain or experiencing affective states in vertebrates is proposed. While mammals and birds possess the prerequisite neural architecture for phenomenal consciousness, it is concluded that fish lack these essential characteristics and hence do not feel pain.