Ceremonial Folklore of Mongolic Peoples: Functions of the Snake Revisited
Liudmila S. Dampilova, Ekaterina V. Sundueva
Oriental Studies April 21, 2021 DOI: 10.22162/2619-0990-2020-50-4-1167-1176 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Topics | Shamanism |
| Keywords | Sacral function Ritual Defender Intermediary Mediator Carrier |
| Key points | Argues that the snake in Mongolic shamanic ritual folklore serves as an assistant, intermediary, carrier, and envoy from another world, providing communication between realms with positive connotations. |
Abstract
Introduction. In mythologies of the world, the image of the snake ranks among the most studied characters and has various interpretations. In folklore of Turko-Mongols, it has also been a subject of multiple analyses. Still, the article makes a first attempt at revealing the image of the snake as a taboo sacred character in ritual folklore of the Mongolic peoples. Goals. The paper primarily seeks to identify functions of the snake therein, delineate the symbolic framework, reveal positive and negative connotations. Materials and Methods. The main research method employed is that of comparative analysis instrumental in examining the image of the snake as a semiotic sign. Interdisciplinary analysis of ethnographic and folklore materials, as well as comparisons to Turkic ritual actions, expand the boundaries of identifying the semantics of the image. Results. The snake in shamanic mythology of the Mongolic peoples appears in the hypostasis of the otherworldly Spirit closely associated with the shaman. Images of snakes in cave drawings, petroglyphs, shamanic ongons (sanctuaries), and costumes emphasize their sacred function. In shamanic practice, a snake image can be used as a protective element in the form of a walking-stick or whip. Symbolically, a snake in the form of straps implies a connotation of the animal’s magical abilities. The role of a mediator between worlds allows the snake simultaneously performing the function of a protective force. Functions of the snake in rites are interchangeable and complement each other. Shamanic texts of the Mongolic peoples consistently mention the main function of the snake is that of a carrier between worlds, which is closely related to its transforming abilities. Conclusions. The study resumes the snake in shamanic ritual actions of the Mongolic peoples — with positive connotations — functions as an assistant, intermediary, carrier, and envoy from another world that provides communication between realms. It also reveals patterns of transcoding the snake image in different semiotic systems, interconnectedness and interchangeability of sacral reptile functions.
Comparable studies
Other theoretical and historical papers on shamanism, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ayahuasca Shamanism in the Amazon and Beyond | 2014 | Theoretical or philosophical paper | |
| Shamanism as the Original Neurotheology | 2004 | Theoretical or philosophical paper | |
| Cognitive Neuroscience, Shamanism and the Rock Art of Native California | 1998 | Theoretical or philosophical paper | |
| From Culture to Experience: Shamanism in the Pages of the Soviet Anti-Religious Press | 2020 | Historical analysis | |
| Anthropology, Shamanism, and Alternate Ways of Knowing–Being in the World: One Anthropologist's Journey of Discovery and Transformation | 2010 | Reflective essay or personal narrative |