The Need for Mindfulness in the Arab-Bedouin Community in Israel: Recommendations for Cultural and Context-Informed Adaptations

Abstract Objectives This study addressed the pressing need for culturally adapted mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for the Arab-Bedouin population in Israel, a marginalized group facing socio-economic hardships, limited access to mental health resources, and unique cultural challenges. Specifically, the research examined the association between mindfulness and mental well-being within this community and investigates how Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) might be adapted to meet their cultural needs.

Methods: Two complementary studies were conducted. The first was a cross-sectional quantitative study involving 181 Arab-Bedouin participants who completed validated scales measuring trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and key mental health indicators, including well-being, anxiety, depression, and perceived stress. The second study employed qualitative methods, with in-depth interviews with eight Arab-Bedouin mental health professionals who completed an adapted MBSR program. Thematic analysis was applied to explore their perspectives on necessary cultural adaptations for effective implementation.

Results: Quantitative analysis showed strong positive associations between mindfulness, self-compassion, and mental well-being, with higher mindfulness and self-compassion linked to lower anxiety, depression, and stress. Qualitative findings emphasized essential cultural adaptations, including delivering MBSR in Arabic, integrating Islamic values, and providing gender-sensitive practices, all of which fostered cultural alignment and increased participant engagement. Participants highlighted the value of the instructor’s cultural background and the use of relatable examples.

Conclusions: Mindfulness practices are associated with improved mental health outcomes in the Arab-Bedouin community. Culturally adapting MBSR to address language, gender norms, and Islamic teachings enhances its relevance and effectiveness, highlighting the potential of tailored MBIs in promoting well-being in marginalized communities.