Franz Brentano and the beginning of experimental psychology: implications for the study of psychological phenomena today.

The emergence of psychology as an academic discipline over a century ago brought a paradigm shift that enabled rigorous, experimentation-based study of psychological phenomena but also alienated researchers from the experiential, or qualia, aspects of those phenomena, as inquiry increasingly relied on third-person measures such as behavioral or physiological observations. At this turning point stood the European scholar Franz Brentano, who advocated for a synthesis of both third-person and first-person research methods. On the centenary of his death, this article outlines the historical context, introduces Brentano's approach and work, and discusses its relevance for contemporary experimental psychology.

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Abstract

The manifestation of psychology as an academic discipline more than a 100 years ago was accompanied by a paradigm shift in our understanding of psychological phenomena-with both its light and shadow sides. On the one hand, this development allowed for a rigorous and experimentation-based approach to psychological phenomena; on the other, it led to an alienation from the experiential-or qualia-facets as the topics under inquiry were researched increasingly through third-person (e.g., behavioral or physiological) measures. At the turning point of this development stood an eminent but little known European scholar, Franz Brentano, who called for a synthesis of both third-person and first-person research methods in the study of psychological phenomena. On the occasion of his death, a hundred years ago on March 17, 1917 we wish to illustrate the historical background, introduce the reader to Brentano's approach and work and discuss its relevance for experimental psychology today.