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Altered States of Consciousness during Exercise, Active-Alert Hypnosis, and Everyday Waking State.

Eniko Kasos, Krisztian Kasos, Emese Józsa, Katalin Varga, Éva Bányai, András Költő, Attila Szabo

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 2022 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2022.2093644 (opens in new tab)

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Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Retrospective nonrandomized comparison Peer reviewed
Sample size 375
Population Runners, spinning-class participants, active-alert hypnosis subjects, and students in a class
Interventions spinning active-alert hypnosis
Topics Altered states of consciousness
Keywords Active-alert hypnosis Communication Consciousness Exercise Training
Key points Exercise may lead to states of consciousness similar to active-alert hypnosis, potentially increasing responsiveness to a coach's training suggestions.

Abstract

This retrospective study was a nonrandomized comparison of exercisers' (runners and participants of a spinning class) states of consciousness with subjects of active-alert hypnosis (AAH) and students in a class (control). Three hundred and seventy-five participants completed the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI). Runners, spinners, and participants of AAH scored higher on the altered experience and altered state of awareness dimensions of the PCI than the control group. Runners scored higher than participants of AAH and the control condition on the rationality dimension, and spinners scored higher than participants in the AAH condition. The AAH group scored lowest on the self-awareness dimension. On the volitional control dimension, the spinning and control groups scored significantly higher than the runner and AAH groups. The results suggest that exercise may lead to states of consciousness similar to AAH and thus increase responsiveness to a coach's training suggestions.

Comparable studies

Other non-randomized and open-label trials on altered states of consciousness, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Evaluating sensory regulation as a method to improve awareness in patients with altered states of consciousness: A pilot study Patients undergoing sensory intervention (four in a sensory regulated environment, four... 1992 Controlled pilot study n = 8
Altered states of consciousness within therapeutic modalities - exploring commonalities of experience Trainers, practitioners, and clients from Hypnotherapy, Past-life Regression, Internal... 2022 Qualitative Grounded Theory pilot study n = 12
Development, implementation and evaluation of Altered States of Consciousness: an immersive art exhibition designed to increase public awareness of psychotic experiences Visitors to an immersive art exhibition 2019 Pilot study n = 150
Altered States of Consciousness: Evaluation of a voice‐hearing simulation during an immersive art exhibition Visitors to an art gallery and the London Underground 2018 Pilot study n = 150

Citations in the library

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Altered states of consciousness Philosophy of mind