Digital Bardo: Reimagining the Tibetan Book of the Dead in Virtual Identity and Consciousness Transformation
Religions October 7, 2025 DOI: 10.3390/rel16101276 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Topics | Buddhism Mysticism |
| Keywords | Consciousness Psychic Avatar Identity music Self Metaphysics Aesthetics Epistemology Subjectivity Emptiness Impermanence Interpretation philosophy Personhood |
| Key points | Proposes that the bardo model from the Tibetan Book of the Dead can serve as a framework for understanding digital identity dissolution and transformation in virtual and augmented environments. |
Abstract
The Bardo Thodol (bar do thos grol), commonly known in the West as The Tibetan Book of the Dead, has traditionally served as a spiritual manual guiding consciousness through the postmortem bardo (bar do) states toward liberation or rebirth. While prior interpretations have framed the text in ritualistic, psychological, or mystical terms, this essay proposes an original and interdisciplinary expansion: that the bardo model can serve as a framework for understanding digital identity dissolution and transformation. Drawing from Tibetan Buddhist thought, extended mind theory, digital anthropology, and cognitive science, this study reinterprets the bardo states as phenomenological thresholds that manifest not only in physical death but also in virtual liminality—moments of radical ego disintegration, avatar deconstruction, and reidentification in digital and augmented environments. By mapping the six bardos onto digital experiences, this paper presents a unique synthesis of esoteric Tibetan metaphysics and contemporary posthuman theory, offering new insights into consciousness, ethical selfhood, and the future of identity.