Does increasing stress change the behavioral action of mescaline from disruption to facilitation?
David A. Gorelick, Wagner H. Bridger
Psychopharmacology 1975 DOI: 10.1007/bf00428913 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Experiment Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | Male Long-Evans rats |
| Interventions | saline mescaline hydrochloride |
| Dose | 36.6 mg/kg i.p. and 39.6 mg/kg i.p. |
| Duration | Sessions began 20 min after injection; 100 trials per session; treatments at 6-day intervals |
| Topics | Mescaline |
| Keywords | Facilitation Saline Stressor Avoidance response Anesthesia Hallucinogen |
| Citations | 5 |
| Key findings | Mescaline decreased avoidance rate, and the decrease was greater when combined with a stressor, suggesting stressor exposure is not the crucial factor for facilitatory effects of hallucinogens. |
Abstract
This experiment is related to the hypothesis of Bridger and of Wray that hallucinogens have facilitatory effects on animal behavior when stress is part of the experiment and have disruptive effects otherwise. Male Long-Evans rats were trained to high (above 89%), stable base line rates of shuttlebox avoidance, then given each of four treatments at 6-day intervals after returning to base line avoidance rates: 1. saline (1 ml i.p.), 2. saline+stressor, 3. mescaline hydrochloride (36.6 mg/kg i.p.), 4. mescaline (39.6 mg/kg i.p.)+stressor. Stress treatment was 1.0 mA footshock (1 sec duration) every 20-30 sec for 15 min between injection and session. Sessions (100 trials) began 20 min after injection. Treatments 1 and 2 had no effect on avoidance rate. Treatments 3 and 4 significantly decreased avoidance rate, with the latter causing significantly more decrease than the former. None of the treatments affected presession (5 min adaptation period) or intertrial crossings of the shuttlebox or latency on escape trials. These results suggest that exposure to a stressor, per se, is not the crucial factor causing hallucinogens to have facilitatory effects on animal behavior.
Comparable studies
Other preclinical and animal studies on mescaline, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Correlation between the potency of hallucinogens in the mouse head-twitch response assay and their behavioral and subjective effects in other species. C57BL/6J mice | 2020 | Experimental study with dose-response experiments | |
| Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens Humans and rats | 2001 | Review | |
| Effects of hallucinogenic agents mescaline and phencyclidine on zebrafish behavior and physiology Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | 2012 | Experimental study | |
| Lysergic Acid Diethylamide- and Mescaline-Induced Attenuation of the Effect of Punishment in the Rat Rats | 1976 | Experimental study | |
| Dihydrobenzofuran Analogues of Hallucinogens. 3. Models of 4-Substituted (2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)alkylamine Derivatives with Rigidified Methoxy Groups Rats (trained to discriminate saline from LSD tartrate) and rat cortical and... | 1996 | In vivo drug discrimination assay and in vitro radioligand binding assay |
Citations in the library
Cited by 2
- Effects of hallucinogenic agents mescaline and phencyclidine on zebrafish behavior and physiology Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry January 10, 2012
- Facilitation and disruption by mescaline and 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine of shock avoidance in rats Psychopharmacology 1977