A phenomenological analysis of the subjective experience elicited by ibogaine in the context of a drug dependence treatment
Eduardo Ekman Schenberg, Maria Angélica de Castro Comis, João Felipe Morel Alexandre, Luís Fernando Tófoli, Bruno Daniel Rasmussen Chaves, Dartiu Xavier Da Silveira
Journal of Psychedelic Studies August 29, 2017 DOI: 10.1556/2054.01.2017.007 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Qualitative study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 22 |
| Population | Patients with substance-related disorders |
| Intervention | ibogaine |
| Topics | Ayahuasca LSD Psilocybin Addiction Ibogaine |
| Keywords | Hallucinogen Perception Context archaeology Cognition Population Psychotherapist |
| Citations | 39 |
| Key findings | Ibogaine produced a difficult subjective experience with strong physical effects, heightened recall of drug-related memories, and dreamlike visions, which the authors interpret as threat simulations. |
Abstract
Objective: This report documents the phenomenology of the subjective experiences of 22 patients with substance-related disorders who were involved in a treatment combining cognitive–behavioral therapy and hospital sessions with ibogaine in Brazil.
Methods: Participants underwent a one-to-one semi-structured interview exploring the subjective effects of ibogaine. We employed interpretative phenomenological analysis to identify relevant phenomenological categories, including physical sensations, perceptual (visual, auditory, and olfactory), emotional, cognitive, and spiritual. Participants also compared ibogaine with other drugs used in life, including psychedelics like ayahuasca, psilocybin mushrooms, and lysergic acid diethylamide.
Results: The findings reveal that the subjective experience with ibogaine has similarities with other psychedelic substances, but also important differences. These include very strong and unpleasant physical effects as well as, at least in this patient population, a very difficult and challenging experience.
Conclusions: Overall, the descriptions involve heightened memory retrieval, specially related to drug abuse and the perception of one’s own future with or without drug use. Strong perceptual phenomena, especially dreamlike visions, were commonly reported. Based on Revonsuo’s evolutionary hypothesis for the function of dreams and of previous suggestions that ibogaine has oneiric properties, we suggest the subjective experience of drug-dependent patients elicited by ibogaine may be framed as simulations of threat and danger.