Analytical and behavioral characterization of 1-hexanoyl-LSD (1H-LSD).
Simon D. Brandt, Pierce V. Kavanagh, Sarah Gare, Alexander Stratford, Adam L. Halberstadt
Drug Testing and Analysis April 1, 2025 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3767 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Preclinical experimental study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | C57BL/6J mice |
| Intervention | 1-hexanoyl-LSD (1H-LSD) |
| Dose | 192.4 μg/kg |
| Topics | LSD |
| Keywords | Psychedelics hallucinogens Acid research Head‐twitch response New psychoactive substances Psychedelic drugs Entheogens Pharmacology drug research Drug development Drug studies |
| Citations | 4 |
| Key findings | 1H-LSD induces the head-twitch response in mice with potency comparable to ALD-52 and is expected to act as a prodrug for LSD. |
Abstract
The development of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) derivatives and analogs continues to inform the design of novel receptor probes and potentially new medicines. On the other hand, a number of newly developed LSD derivatives have also emerged as recreational drugs, leading to reports of their detection in some countries. One position in the ergoline scaffold of LSD that is frequently targeted is the N1-position; numerous N1-alkylcarbonyl LSD derivatives have been reported where the acyl chain is attached to the indole nitrogen, for example, in the form of linear n-alkane substituents, which represent higher homologs of the prototypical 1-acetyl-N,N-diethyllysergamide (1A-LSD, ALD-52). In this study, 1-hexanoyl-LSD (1H-LSD, SYN-L-027), a novel N1-acyl LSD derivative, was characterized analytically using standard techniques, followed by evaluation of its in vivo behavioral effects using the mouse head-twitch response (HTR) assay in C57BL/6J mice. 1H-LSD induced the HTR, with a median effective dose (ED50) of 192.4 μg/kg (equivalent to 387 nmol/kg), making it roughly equipotent to ALD-52 when tested previously under similar conditions. Similar to other N1-acylated analogs, 1H-LSD is anticipated to by hydrolyzed to LSD in vivo and acts as a prodrug. It is currently unknown whether 1H-LSD has appeared as on the research chemical market or is being used recreationally.
Comparable studies
Other preclinical and animal studies on LSD, most cited first.
Citations in the library
Cited by 4
- Analytical and Pharmacological Characterization of 1-(Furan-2-Carbonyl)-LSD (1F-LSD) and Comparison With 1-(Thiophene-2-Carbonyl)-LSD (1T-LSD). Drug Testing and Analysis December 3, 2024
- Identification of two lysergic acid diethylamide analogs, 1-(3-(trimethylsilyl) propionyl) lysergic acid diethylamide (1S-LSD) and 1-(2-thienoyl)-6-allyl-nor-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1T-AL-LAD), in paper sheet products distributed on the internet. Forensic Toxicology April 3, 2025
- Identification and Analysis of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Analogs, 4‐Benzoyl‐ N,N ‐Diethyl‐7‐Methyl‐4,6,6a,7,8,9‐Hexahydroindolo[4,3‐ fg ]quinoline‐9‐Carboxamide (1Bz‐LSD) and N , N ‐Diethyl‐7‐Methyl‐4‐(4‐(Trimethylsilyl)Benzoyl)‐4,6,6a,7,8,9‐Hexahydroindolo[4,3‐ fg ]quinoline‐9‐Carboxamide (1‐TMSBz‐LSD), in tablet or paper sheet products available online in Japan Drug Testing and Analysis February 18, 2026
- Synthesis and Analytical Characterization of 1-(1,2-Dimethylcyclobutane-1-Carbonyl)-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (1D-LSD) and Differentiation From 1-(Thiophene-2-Carbonyl)-LSD (1T-LSD). Drug Testing and Analysis August 27, 2026
Cites 14
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- Effect of Hallucinogens on Unconditioned Behavior Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 2016
- Return of the lysergamides. Part I: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐propionyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1P‐LSD) Drug Testing and Analysis October 12, 2015
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- Automated detection of the head-twitch response using wavelet scalograms and a deep convolutional neural network Scientific Reports May 20, 2020
and 9 more in the library