Pharmepéna-Psychonautics: Human intranasal, sublingual and oral pharmacology of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine.
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 2001 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2001.10399925 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Interventions | 5-MeO-DMT harmaline harmine |
| Topics | 5-MeO-DMT |
| Keywords | Psychedelics: 5-MEO-DMT Beta-carbolines Psychoactive compounds Hallucinogens Entheogens Mind-altering substances Potent compounds Ethnopharmacology: shamanic wisdom Traditional practices Ancient wisdom Ethnobotany Indigenous medicine Traditional medicine Pharmacology: drug interaction Drug synergy Potentiation Routes of administration Drug enhancement Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Self-experiments Human studies Hypothesis testing Empirical evidence Clinical research |
| Citations | 106 |
| Key findings | Intranasal, sublingual, and oral psychoactivity of 5-MeO-DMT and the potentiation of intranasal tryptamines by MAOI beta-carbolines were confirmed in about 17 psychonautic bioassays. |
Abstract
Summarized are psychonautic bioassays (human self-experiments) of pharmepéna--crystalline 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT; O-Me-bufotenine), at times combined with crystalline beta-carbolines (harmaline or harmine). These substances were administered via intranasal, sublingual and oral routes, by way of pharmacological modeling of diverse South American shamanic inebriants (principally the snuffs epéna/nyakwana, prepared from barks of diverse species of Virola.) Intranasal, sublingual and oral psychoactivity of 5-MeO-DMT, and the 1967 Holmstedt-Lindgren hypothesis of the paricá-effect--intranasal potentiation of tryptamines by concomitant administration of monoamine-oxidase-inhibiting (MAOI) beta-carbolines from stems of Banisteriopsis caapi admixed with the snuffs--have been confirmed by some 17 psychonautic bioassays. Salient phytochemical and psychonautic literature is reviewed.
Comparable studies
Other narrative reviews on 5-MeO-DMT, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine | 2016 | Review | |
| N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an Endogenous Hallucinogen: Past, Present, and Future Research to Determine Its Role and Function Humans and animals (general) | 2018 | Review | |
| Psychedelic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: metabolism, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and pharmacological actions. Humans (pharmacokinetics) | 2010 | Review | |
| Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) | 2018 | Review | |
| A possibly sigma-1 receptor mediated role of dimethyltryptamine in tissue protection, regeneration, and immunity. | 2013 | Review |
Citations in the library
Cited by 50
- The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review. Archives of Toxicology August 1, 2015
- Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects Archives of Toxicology April 1, 2020
- Recreational Use, Analysis and Toxicity of Tryptamines Current Neuropharmacology December 10, 2014
- A single inhalation of vapor from dried toad secretion containing 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) in a naturalistic setting is related to sustained enhancement of satisfaction with life, mindfulness-related capacities, and a decrement of psychopathological symptoms. Psychopharmacology April 13, 2019
- Current perspectives on psychedelic therapy: use of serotonergic hallucinogens in clinical interventions International Review of Psychiatry July 4, 2018
and 45 more in the library
Cites 6
- One River: Explorations and Discoveries in the Amazon Rain Forest Leonardo 1998
- Pharmahuasca: Human Pharmacology of Oral DMT Plus Harmine Journal of Psychoactive Drugs April 1, 1999
- Pharmañopo-psychonautics: human intranasal, sublingual, intrarectal, pulmonary and oral pharmacology of bufotenine. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 2001
- A multidisciplinary overview of intoxicating snuff rituals in the western hemisphere. Journal of Ethnopharmacology March 1, 1985
- Indole Alkaloids in Amazonian Myristicaceae: Field And Laboratory Research Botanical Museum leaflets Harvard University September 1, 1980
and 1 more in the library