This paper examines the Dharmatrāta-Dhyāna Sūtra as an early Chinese-translated dhyāna scripture and explores its significance in the Sinicization of Buddhism. Focusing on the Five Gates of Meditation and the distinction between the “expedient path” and the “superior path”, it shows how earlier Buddhist meditation methods were translated, reorganized, and developed within the Chinese context....
The Cartesian meditations on first philosophy intended to demonstrate the existence of God. Wittgenstein’s private language argument is regarded as an attack on Cartesian dualism through the investigation of “private language” by a paradigm of sensation. This article explores how the “private language argument” bears on the Cartesian theory of mind. The mind and the body are not distinct and...